1. Parliament JYOTI Assistant Professor Department of Political Science
PGGC-11
Chandigarh

2. Chapter II of Part V of the Indian constitution deals with the Parliament of India. Article 79 provides a Bi-Cameral Parliament for the Union. It consists of the President and two Houses to be known respectively as the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and the House of People (Lok Sabha). Though President is not a member of either House of the Parliament, yet he is an integral part of the Parliament and perform certain functions relating to its proceedings.

3. Council of States (Rajya Sabha)
Composition
Basis of Representation
Election
Qualification
Disqualification
Term
Quorum
Sessions
Presiding Officers
Languages to be used

4. Powers or Role of the Council of States (Rajya sabha)
Legislative Powers
Executive Powers
Financial Powers
Judicial Powers
Constituent Powers
Miscellaneous Powers
Exclusive Powers

5. House of The People (Lok Sabha)
Composition
Qualifications
Disqualifications of a Member
Reservation of Seats
Delimitation of Constituencies
Election of the Members
Direct Election
Universal Adult Franchise
Joint Electorate System
Single member constituencies
Secret Ballot
Sessions
Quorum
Presiding Officer

6. Powers or Role of the Council of States (Rajya sabha)
Legislative Powers
Legislative Powers of the Lok Sabha with regard to the subjects included in the State List
Financial Powers
Control over the Executive
Constituent Powers
Miscellaneous Powers

7. Speaker of the Lok Sabha
Election
Term
Removal
Salary and Allowances
Power and Functions of the Speaker
Presiding Officer
Presiding Officer of the Joint Sitting
Adjournment of the House
Determination of the Business of the House
To conduct the Business of the House
Interpretation of the Rules of Procedure
Maintenance of Discipline in the House
Certification of the Money Bill

8. Authentication of Ordinary Bills
Admission or Rejection of Motions
Taking of Votes
Grants of Permission to ask Questions
Guardian of the Privileges of the Members of the House
Power pertaining to Committees
Recognition of Official Opposition
Power to disqualify members on Ground of Defection

9. Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha
Hung Parliament
Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha And Rajya Sabha
Privileges and Immunities of the Members of the Parliament:
Freedom of Speech
Immunity from Arrest
Freedom from Jury Service
Right to get Salary
Right to Pension after Retirement
MP’S Local Area Development Scheme

10. Relations between the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha
In the sphere of Legislative Powers
In the sphere of Financial Matters
In the sphere of Executive Powers
In the sphere of Constitutional Amendments
In the sphere of Judicial Powers
In the sphere of Electoral Powers

11. Decline in the Prestige of Indian Parliament
Reduction in the sitting of the Parliament
Unhelpful attitude of Ministers
Partisan attitude of Presiding Officers
Governance by Ordinance
Lack of Two-Party System
Lack of Health Conventions
Mediocre M.Ps
Absenteeism

12. Undignified behaviour of Parliament Members
Hung Parliament
Politics of Obstinacy
Parliament’s control over Executive is Nominal
Delegate Legislation
Nominal control over National Finance
Ignoring Parliament on crucial National issues
Legislature with Criminal Background
Parliament has just become an approving body of decisions already taken by the cabinet

13. Legislative and Financial Procedure in Parliament
The main function of Parliament is to make laws and control national finance. The procedure to pass the bills is similar in both the Houses. Every bill has to pass through five stages:
Introduction of the bill and its first reading
Second Reading
Committee Stage
Report stage
Third Reading

14. The bill moved in the Parliament can be of the following types:
Ordinary Bill
Government Bill
Non-Government Bill or Private Members Bill
Money Bill
The procedure of passing the Budget:
Introduction of Budget
Budget speech
General Discussion on Budget

15. The parts of the Budget:
Expenditure charged on the Consolidated Fund of India
Uncharged Expenditure
Consideration of Demands for Grants by the Standing Committees
Voting on Demands for grants
Appropriation Bill
Revenue Bill
Vote on Account
Supplementary Grants
The Consolidated fund of India
The Contingency fund of India

16. Parliamentary Committees
General Committees:
Committee of Rules
Business Advisory Committee
Committee of Privileges
Committee on absence of members from the sittings of House
Committee on Government Assurances
Committee on Petitions
General Purpose Committee

17. Legislative Committees
Select Committees
The Committee on Private member’s Bills and Resolutions
Committee on Subordinate Legislation
Financial Committees
Estimates Committee
Public Accounts Committee
The Committee on Public Undertakings

18. Joint Committees
Joint Committee on Salaries and Allowances of members of the Parliament
Joint committee on Offices of Profit
Joint Committee on the Welfare of Schedule Casts and Schedule Tribes