1. Harold E. Winkler Middle School
THE COLD WAR
Part II
Mr. Wells
Harold E. Winkler Middle School

2. The U-2 Incident [1960]
May 1: Francis Gary Powers U-2 is shot down by Soviets and is put in jail for 10 years
Eisenhower denied the U-2 had been spying, but evidence forced him to admit it
Khruschev (new Soviet leader) demanded an apology and to halt the flights
Eisenhower agreed to halt flights but no apology
Tensions increased between US and USSR

3. SR 71 (Blackbird) First Flight – December 22, 1964
Service Date – 1964 to 1998
Fastest aircraft in the world (Mach 3+)
Exposure to very high temperatures (500 degrees)
First aircraft with stealth design
Flight at 80,000 ft.

4. U.S. Losing the Cold War? U.S. economy in recession
Soviets launch Sputnik
U-2 Incident makes the U.S. look bad
Election of 1960 – JFK youngest president elected
Kennedy adopts new military policy – flexible response – prepare for all types of attacks, not just nukes
JFK increases defense spending and creates Special Forces
Nuclear capabilities tripled

5. Bay of Pigs (Cuba) 1959 – Fidel Castro becomes dictator of Cuba
U.S. cuts off all relations
Soviet Union provides aid to Cuba
CIA trains Cuban exiles to invade Cuba and overthrow Castro
Cuban rebels land at Bay of Pigs but U.S. air support never showed
Huge embarrassment for the U.S.

6. The Berlin Wall {1961} East Berliners fleeing to West Berlin
Soviet Premier Krushchev wants access to W. Berlin closed
Kennedy refused to comply
USSR builds wall to prevent crossing from East to West Berlin
Wall becomes ugly symbol of Communist oppression until 1989
Early 1960s view of east side of Berlin Wall with barbed wire at top.

7. The Cuban Missile Crisis {1962}
U2 spy planes photograph Soviet missiles in Cuba
U.S. demands the removal of missiles… places Cuba under quarantine (naval blockade)
Soviet ships in head to head confrontation with U.S. Navy
Threat of nuclear war lasted 13 days
Soviet Premier Krushchev removes missiles
U.S. quietly agrees to remove missiles in Turkey

8. The Cuban Missile Crisis {1962}
CIA map showing range of Soviet supplied intermediate and medium range missiles if launched from Cuba

9. Easing Tensions JFK eases hardline stance against Soviets
Kennedy realizes that no one can win a nuclear war… this becomes known as MAD – Mutually Assured Destruction
1963: Hotline established between the White House and the Kremlin
Limited Test Ban Treaty bars nuclear testing in the atmosphere

10. Race to the Moon {1960s}
April 12, 1961: Yuri Gagarin was first in space
First American: Allan Sheppard
Feb. 20th, 1962: John Glenn orbits the Earth 3 times
July 20th, 1969: Neil Armstrong becomes first to step onto the moon
Result of space program: increase in education and technology