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Domestic U.S. Reaction: Disbelief, Anger, and, Distrust

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Presentation on theme: "Domestic U.S. Reaction: Disbelief, Anger, and, Distrust"— Presentation transcript:

1 Domestic U.S. Reaction: Disbelief, Anger, and, Distrust
Hey, Hey LBJ! How many kids did you kill today?

2 Anti-War Demonstrations and Teach -Ins
Columbia University 1967

3 Student Protestors at Univ. of CA in Berkeley, 1968
Democratic Convention in Chicago, 1968

4 Kent State University May 4, 1970 4 students shot dead.
11 students wounded Jackson State University May 10, 1970 2 dead; 12 wounded

5 Worldwide Reaction to U.S. Involvement
Viewed the United States as an aggressor invading an undeveloped nation

6 Tinker vs. Des Moines School District
John and Mary Beth Tinker attended public school. With the help of their parents they decided to publicly wear black armbands as a symbol of their protest of the Vietnam War. The principals decided that whoever was wearing an arm band and refused to take it off would be suspended from school The Tinkers, aware of the new rule, wore their armbands to school. During the day no classes were disorderly and school went on as usual. However, the Tinkers went home because the school principal suspended them until they would remove the armbands. Their parents disagreed with the school's rule and actions, and took the case to court. Eventually, the case reached the U.S. Supreme Court.

7 Tinker vs. Des Moines School District
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in favor of Tinker in this case. In Tinker v. Des Moines, 393, U.S., 503 (1969), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 7-2 against the school and in favor of the students wearing the armbands (symbolic speech), provided their actions or speech do not interfere with school work or the rights of others in the classroom.

8 Silent Majority As you read answer this question:
Who was the silent majority? majority?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

9 President Nixon recognized that student radicals, antiwar protesters, and the counterculture in general had never appealed to many Americans. Despite widespread discontent on college campuses, not all students agreed with the antiwar protesters. Some firmly supported American involvement in Vietnam. Others questioned the war but were troubled by the lawlessness and radicalism of many antiwar protests. These students did not receive the press coverage of their more outspoken classmates. But they did make their opinions known by writing letters to campus newspapers or by challenging the actions of antiwar groups in court. Likewise, many adults held student protesters responsible for rising crime, growing drug use, and permissive attitudes toward sex. Some of these Americans expressed their patriotism by putting flag decals on their car windows or by attaching bumper stickers that read “My Country, Right or Wrong” and “Love It or Leave It.” Nixon referred to this large group of Americans as the silent majority. To strengthen his position on law and order, Nixon aimed to discourage protest, especially against the war. In his “silent majority speech” he declared, “If a vocal minority, however fervent its cause, prevails over reason and the will of the majority, this nation has no future as a free society.”

10 “Hell No, We Won’t Go”

11 Draft Registration and Resistance
Disproportionate representation of poor people and minorities. As you read answer these questions: What was the Selective Service Act? Who were conscientious objectors? How did you receive a draft deferment? Name reasons people used to avoid the draft.

12 A Selective Service Act allowing the government to draft men between the ages of 18 and 26 had been in place since Relatively few people refused to be drafted in the first half of the 1960s. Most who did were conscientious objectors who opposed fighting in the war on moral or religious grounds. In July 1965, President Johnson doubled the number of men who could be drafted into the armed forces. By the end of the year he had doubled the number again. These actions led to the rise of a draft-resistance movement that urged young men not to cooperate with their local draft boards.

13 As more and more young men were called into service and sent to fight in Vietnam, Americans began to question the morality and fairness of the draft. College students could receive a deferment, or official postponement of their call to serve. Those who could not afford college did not have this avenue open to them. In 1966, the Selective Service System announced that college students who ranked low academically could be drafted. In 1967, resistance to the military draft began to sweep the country. Many young men tried to avoid the draft by claiming that they had physical disabilities. Others applied for conscientious-objector status. Still others left the country. By the end of the war an estimated 100,000 draft resisters were believed to have gone to countries like Canada.

14 Role of Media first “living room” war
Graphic news coverage led to less support for the war. Media accounts contradicted government reports Government said that we were winning the war Body counts on TV every night

15 Impact of Vietnam 26th Amendment: 18-year-olds vote (DRAFT!)
Nixon abolished draft = all-volunteer army Disregard for Veterans  seen as “baby killers” POW/MIA issue lingered Credibility Gap – what the president knows vs. what the public knows

16 Lessons Learned for Future Presidents
Wars must be of short duration. Wars must yield few American casualties. Restrict media access to battlefields. Develop and maintain Congressional and public support. Set clear, winnable goals. Set deadline for troop withdrawals.

17 Vietnam War Posters Use your notes to create either an Anti-War poster or a Silent Majority Poster to voice your opinion about Vietnam on 4 of the following issues: 26th Amendment Draft College Demonstrations (Kent/Jackson) Tinker vs. DeMoines Brutallity Media/TV coverage You will produce 4 posters on the back of your notes sheet.

18 Songs for Vietnam Barbara Dane – The Kent State Massacre
gCb0v6TlRAo Charlie Daniels – Still in Saigon SOfrnKqk3zw&feature=kp Phil Ochs – Draft Dodger Rag ZV0TIGOqia0 Barry McGuire – Eve of Destruction ntLsElbW9Xo&feature=kp Merle Haggard – Fightin’ Side of Me HAFmFsb9XM&feature=kp Autry Inman – Ballad of Two Brothers o8SkCo SSGT Barry Sadler – Ballad of the Green Berets JJVSE_BE&feature=kp

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