1. VLSI Design Methodologies
S.Y. Dharani
AP/ECE

2. What is an Electronic circuit?
An electronic circuit is composed of individual electronic components, such as resistors, transistors, capacitors, inductors and diodes, connected by conductive wires or traces through which electric current can flow.
The combination of components and wires allows various simple and complex operations to be performed: signals can be amplified, computations can be performed, and data can be moved from one place to another.

3. Integrated Circuit
Integrated circuit is developed on 21th century and it has reduced the size of electronics from a refrigerator size to palm size electronics or even less.
A circuit in which all or some of the circuit elements are inseparably associated and electrically interconnected so that it is considered to be indivisible for the purposes of construction and commerce.

4. Moore’s Law
Moore's Law is the observation made in 1965 by Gordon Moore, co-founder of Intel.
Moore’s law is defined as the number of transistors will be doubled or will be exponentially growth after 18th month.

5. Moore’s Law Graphical representation

6. Classification of Integrated Circuits
MSI
LSI
VLSI
ULSI
GSI
WSI
3D-IC

7. Types of Integrated Circuits
Thin and thick film ICs
Monolithic ICs
Hybrid or multichip ICs

8. Thin and thick film ICs

9. Monolithic ICs

10. Hybrid or multichip ICs

11. Digital and Analog Integrated Circuits
Digital ICs work on the basic digital system i.e. two defined level which is 0’s and 1’s.
Example: Microprocessor and Micro controllers.
Analog ICs work by processing continuous signals i.e. analog signal.
Example: OP-AMP (Operational Amplifier), NE 555 Timers and Sensors.

12. Full Custom Design
All the circuits and mask layout are completely designed for the requirements of particular IC.
Mobile IC’s is a full custom design.
Flexibility in their size.
Performance will be high.
It takes longer time to design.
Manufacturing cost is high.

13. Semi Custom Design
The mask layers are customized to fulfill the requirements of a particular IC.
FPGA is a semi custom design.
Standard in their size.
Performance will be low.
It takes less time to design.
Manufacturing cost is less.

14. Standard Integrated Circuits
Integrated circuit designed and fabricated for general purpose use.
Standard IC’s are available in the market at low cost.
Example: OP-AMP, Timer, Microcontroller.

15. ASICs
Progress in the fabrication of IC’s has enabled the designer to create fast and powerful circuits in smaller devices.
Lots of application is done based on ASICs
Application Specific Integrated Circuits.
Example: IC’s for mobile phones.

16. Overview of VLSI Design Methodology

17. Advantages and Applications
Interconnects discrete components.
Smaller in size and less weight.
Cost is low and reliable.
IC’s are used in electrical devices such as high power amplifiers, voltage regulators, TV receivers and computers etc.

18. Limitations Limited power rating. It operates at low voltage.
High grade of PNP is not possible.
It produces noise during operation.
Its components such as resistors and capacitors are voltage dependent.
It is delicate i.e. it cannot withstand rough handling etc.

19. InDeL Photos