1. Carl Jung presents
Archetypes

2. Two Founders of Psychology
Sigmund Freud
Carl Jung

3. Sigmund Freud
Struggled to formulate a system for solving the mysteries of the soul.
This procedure, he hoped, would help man uncover the dark truths about himself that he represses.

4. Carl Jung
Carl Jung, Freud’s pupil, expanded many of Freud’s theories across cultures.
Two important concepts he developed include “the collective unconscious” and “archetype.”

5. Most of the iceberg is hidden beneath the surface of the water.
In this respect, an individual can be likened to an iceberg.

6. Personal Conscious
The visible top portion of the iceberg can be thought of as our conscious thoughts; the ones that we’re aware of.

7. Personal
Unconscious
The invisible lower portion can be thought of as our individual unconscious thoughts, the ones we’re unaware of but that emerge in dreams, repressed memories, etc.

8. Collective Unconsciousness
Jung’s theory is that humans do not have separate, personal unconscious minds but instead we are all “plugged in” to one great unconscious pool…the collective unconscious.

9. Archetypes
“Archetypes” are the mythic images (characters, images, situations) that make up the collective unconscious.

10. Two Types of Archetypes
Primordial Archetypes: Those that are believed to be ingrained into each of us upon birth. We’re born knowing certain archetypes.
Universal Archetypes: Those that are found all over the world and throughout history.

11. Evidence for Archetypes
Jung observed that some myths are repeated throughout history in cultures and eras that could not possibly have had any contact with one another.

12. Many stories in Greek and Roman mythology have counterparts in Chinese and Celtic mythology, long before the Greek and Roman Empires spread to Asia and northern Europe.
For example:

13. Most of these myths and symbols represent ideas that human beings could not otherwise explain (the origins of life, what happens after death, etc.)
For example:

14. Every culture has a creation story, a life after death belief, and a reason for human failings, and these stories—when studied comparatively—are far more similar than different.
For example:

15. Reading for Archetypes:
When reading a work for archetypes, look for:
Archetype characters
Archetype images (colors, numbers, symbols, etc.)
Archetype situations

16. Archetypes:
Epic Hero: The central figure in a long narrative who possess larger-than-life qualities such as bravery, loyalty, and heroism.
Quest: The hero’s attempt to establish his or her identity or fulfill his or her destiny. All actions, thoughts and feelings are focused on completing this quest.

17. Archetypes:
Allies: The friend(s) who accompany the hero on his/her quest and who share the glories of the triumph or the agonies of defeat.
Villain: The male or female personification of evil. Their malice is often apparently unmotivated, or motivated by a single wrong (or perceived wrong) from the past. The villain’s malice is often limitless, and rarely is the villain reformed within the context of the story.

18. Archetypes:
Final Test: Usually apocalyptic, involving warfare, a huge battle, a metaphor final battle between good and evil.
Outcome: The fate of the hero. If he/she suffers any voluntary loss, especially a loss of life, it results in another’s gaining or regaining a desired state.