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Experiments with heavy, highly charged Ions HITRAP Project Status

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1 Experiments with heavy, highly charged Ions HITRAP Project Status
Overview of Facility Planned Experiments The HITRAP decelerator status Deceleration of heavy, highly charged ions from the ion storage ring ESR of the GSI accelerator facility with an rf-linear decelerator will provide ions up to bare uranium almost at rest for cutting edge experiments in atomic and nuclear physics. For this unique approach the beam has to be prepared well by electron cooling in the ESR to account for a 26 time increase of the transverse emittance during the following deceleration. An interdigital H-type (IH) structure and a radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) structure are operated in inverse to decelerate first from 4 MeV/u to 0.5 MeV/u and then to 6 keV/u. The quasi-continuous beam from the ESR is adapted, by using a double drift buncher, to match the longitudinal acceptance of the IH. Downstream from the IH-structure the 0.5 MeV/u beam is then fit with a spiral re-buncher to the RFQ, which finally decelerates the ions to 6 keV/u. First commissioning beam times have shown that the bunching works well and ions have been decelerated to 0.5 MeV/u in the IH structure. Extensive measurements of transversal emittance before and after deceleration can now be compared to beam dynamics calculations. W. Barth, D. Beck, T. Beier, M. Bevcic, E. Berdermann, M. Block, A. Bräuning-Demian, H. Brand, K. Brantjes, E. Bodewits, G. Clemente, L. Dahl, C. Dimopoulou, C. Dorn, S. Eliseev, S. Fedotova, R. Fischer, P. Forck, F. Herfurth, R. Hoekstra, M. Kaiser, O. Kester, H.-J. Kluge, S. Koszudowski, N. Kotovski, C. Kozhuharov, C. Krantz, R. Lotz, M. Maier, F. Nolden, W. Nörtershäuser, F. Peldzinski, J. Pfister, W. Quint, D. Racano, U. Ratzinger, A. Sauer, A. Schempp, M. Shaaban, A. Sokolov, M. Steck, K. Stiebing, Th. Stöhlker, W. Vinzenz, M. Vogel, H. Vormann, G. Vorobjev, C. Will, D. Winters, A. Wolf, O. Zurkan and the HITRAP collaboration Univ. Frankfurt, Univ. Mainz, Imperial College London, TU Darmstadt, St. Petersburg State Univ., TU Wien, Univ. Heidelberg, Jagiellonian Univ. Krakow, MPI-K Heidelberg, KVI Groningen, Univ. Stockholm, ENS Paris, Univ. Münster Darmstadt Frankfurt Heidelberg Mainz Groningen

2 F. Herfurth "HITRAP Project Status"
GSI Beam that will be available to users: type A/q < 3 (U ) ions/pulse 105 energy keV/q ... meV/q energy spread ≥ 0.3 meV Test Ion Source - EBIT: Up to bare K Any element (charge breeding) 105 per pulse and second F. Herfurth "HITRAP Project Status"

3 F. Herfurth "HITRAP Project Status"
Experiments HCI Elements Isotopes + Matter Charge radii FS, HFS g-factor e--binding + surface BW effect a, me QED test Lamb-shift Structures + atoms Hollow atoms Charge exchange Collision dynamics F. Herfurth "HITRAP Project Status"

4 Precision Experiments on Highly-Charged Ions
Test of quantum electrodynamics in extreme fields g-factor of the bound electron Electron correlations and relativistic effects Determination of fundamental constants Mass of the electron me Future: fine-structure constant a Ultra-precise mass measurements Determination of atomic and nuclear binding energies Fundamental Constants R∞ α me e+e- £(H,n=2) μ+e- ge bound HFS (H,1s) £(H,n=1) £(U91+,n=1) HFS (209Bi82+,1s) GSI/Mainz data Future F. Herfurth "HITRAP Project Status"

5 Spectroscopy, Reactions and Surface Studies with HCI
Laser spectroscopy of H-like ions: Nuclear properties (Bohr-Weisskopf effect) isotope shift – nucl. charge radii Reaction microscope: Studies of reaction kinematics of slow HCI Interaction of slow HCI up to U92+ with surfaces: Strongly inverted systems ('hollow atoms') Nonlinear surface modifications F. Herfurth "HITRAP Project Status"

6 HITRAP Experimental Area
SPECTRAP surface experiment MOT; Mass Measurements g-factor EBIT HITRAP HF-platform Click! ready 2012 operational F. Herfurth "HITRAP Project Status"

7 HITRAP Experimental Area
EBIT g-factor trap SPECTRAP Mg CX MOT target Surface Chamber F. Herfurth "HITRAP Project Status"

8 Surface Modifications by HCI
SFM Topographic Picture of CaF2 surface after irradiation with 3 keV/u Xe40+ Hillock, V ~ 200 nm3 Doesn’t work for BaF2 – Why? Kinetic or Potential Energy? What happens for even heavier ions? G-PAC Proposal by A.S. El-Said et al. A. S. El-Said, et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 258, 167 (2007). A. S. El-Said, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, (2008). F. Herfurth "HITRAP Project Status"

9 HCI – Surface Interaction
KVI – GSI – Vienna Collaboration Xe (7·105 ms-1) on Au ECR HD-EBIT HITRAP Meissl et al., J. Surf. Sci. Nanotech 6 (2008) 54 Bodewits et al., KVI 2010 F. Herfurth "HITRAP Project Status"

10 Laser Spectroscopy – SPECTRAP
Courtesy of Z. Andjelkovic / SPECTRAP collaboration Laser Spectroscopy – SPECTRAP F. Herfurth "HITRAP Project Status"

11 Laser Spectroscopy – SPECTRAP
Courtesy of Z. Andjelkovic / SPECTRAP collaboration Trapped single and clouds of ions, detected electrically and via fluorescence NEXT Steps: Pb1+ Test ion source Ca14+ Bi80,82+ HITRAP F. Herfurth "HITRAP Project Status"

12 F. Herfurth "HITRAP Project Status"
GSI SIS GeV/u FRS few MeV/u ESR UNILAC 4 MeV/u F. Herfurth "HITRAP Project Status"

13 HITRAP – Linear Decelerator
to experiments Beam that will be available to users: type A/q < 3 (U ) ions/pulse 105 energy keV/q ... meV/q energy spread ≥ 0.3 meV matching section and cooler trap IH section RFQ section DDB section 7m F. Herfurth "HITRAP Project Status"

14 F. Herfurth "HITRAP Project Status"
Challenges Never done before! 1 ion pulse with only 106 ions every 30 to 60 seconds “Normal” Linac diagnostics not well suited Unexpected behavior of decelerating accelerator F. Herfurth "HITRAP Project Status"

15 Commissioning Summary to Date
About two weeks/year; Beam intensity ~106 ions, once a minute 2007 ESR Extraction tests / Double Drift buncher comm. 2008 DDB / IH test, first deceleration in IH seen 2009 IH retuning, RFQ mounted, Emittance measurements ESR rebunching at 4 MeV/u, 30 MeV/u mode installed, ~40% decelerated to 500 keV/u - Start of RFQ commissioning (transmitted 500 keV/u beam) 2011 IH Energy measurements, wide scans of RFQ parameters ~60% decelerated to 500 keV/u F. Herfurth "HITRAP Project Status"

16 F. Herfurth "HITRAP Project Status"
ESR – From 400 to 4 MeV/u ESR – Experimental Storage Ring at GSI with stochastic and electron cooling ESR cycle during recent experiment signal: time (s) RF amplitude 5..20 injection, stoch. cooling 3..10 deceleration 400 – 30 MeV/u 2..6 e- cooling, rebunching 2..5 deceleration 30 – 4 MeV/u magn.dipole field 2..5 e- cooling, ejection 3 reset magnets ion current 40 s F. Herfurth "HITRAP Project Status"

17 ESR – Rebunching at 4 MeV/u
March 2010 ESR – Rebunching at 4 MeV/u Current on Farady cup (a. u.) 1 ms F. Herfurth "HITRAP Project Status"

18 ESR – Rebunching at 4 MeV/u
March 2010 ESR – Rebunching at 4 MeV/u Current on Farady cup (a. u.) 1 ms F. Herfurth "HITRAP Project Status"

19 Newly developed Detectors
One-shot energy analyzer Diamond Detector MCP/Phosphor screen 0.1 mm slit Beam Mirror to CCD camera 0.5 T perm. Magnet Sensitive single-shot emittance meter MCP – Screen – camera combination MCP FC digital camera F. Herfurth "HITRAP Project Status"

20 Deceleration in the IH structure
~4 MeV/u ~0.5 MeV/u Position of low energy peak vs. IH Power Scanned Power Range: 125 … 165 kW Theo. Value for 84Kr kW (7.55V) F. Herfurth "HITRAP Project Status"

21 F. Herfurth "HITRAP Project Status"
Deceleration to 500 keV/u Reached nominal efficiency (~60%) F. Herfurth "HITRAP Project Status"

22 F. Herfurth "HITRAP Project Status"
Summary ESR operates reliable down to 4 MeV/u Deceleration in HITRAP to 500 keV/u commissioned Matching IH/RFQ ongoing RFQ offline test at MPI-K Heidelberg Offline test cooler trap Pilot experiments with EBIT ions to experiments matching section and cooler trap IH section RFQ section DDB section 7m F. Herfurth "HITRAP Project Status"


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