1. BA2: Summary and paraphrase
Week 3

2. Important Info (one more time)
Absolutely must upload assignments to Blackboard via Word document or PDF only. ***No Pages, Google Docs, Zip files, PNG.
You need to “preview” assignments after uploaded/submitted to make sure your assignment is okay. Right away instructor if document blank, etc.
Required textbook is the th Custom Edition of First-Year Writing (e- book). No ifs, ands, or buts. No exceptions. No previous editions.
You are responsible for successfully completing assignment and successfully uploading assignment.

3. Lessons from ba1
Answer all the questions asked. Focus on being specific in writing.
Rhetoric= persuasion. Focusing on persuasion will help with identifying rhetorical choices and explaining how rhetorical choices affect audience.
Focus on analysis, not summary.

4. BA2: Summary and paraphrase
Objective: To demonstrate your ability to summarize and paraphrase portions of a text.
Purpose: Summarizing and paraphrasing are important skills for academic writers. You will need to be able to condense other writers' ideas into your own words so that you can write research papers, analytical papers, argumentative papers, and other types of academic writing. the length of your summary will always be determined by your purpose for writing, as well as by your intended audience.
In addition, for purposes of this course, summarizing and paraphrasing will help you prepare for the rhetorical analysis, where you will need to be able to succinctly state an author's purpose and discuss specific passages of an article. For this assignment, you will write two summaries of a text and a paraphrase of a small portion of a text.
Description, Part One, Article Summaries
Your instructor will tell you which article from your First-Year Writing textbook you will use for your summaries. You will write two summaries of the assigned article. The first summary will be a single sentence in length. The next summary will be five sentences in length. Strategies for completing both will be discussed in class. Before turning in your summaries, please make sure you label them as either “One Sentence Summary” or “Five Sentence Summary.”
Description, Part Two, Paraphrase
After you’ve completed your summaries, you will paraphrase a brief passage selected by your instructor. Your goal in this portion of the assignment is to restate the ideas of the passage in your own words and do so in a way that is readable and understandable. Label this final portion of the assignment as “Paraphrase.” Make sure you add the author's name and page number of the passage to your label.

5. Ba2 format One Sentence Summary Of (state name of author/article)
Five Sentence Summary Of (state name of author/article)
Paraphrase of Paragraph () on Page ()

6. What is a summary?
Summary means providing your readers with a condensed version of an author’s key points from an entire article. A summary can be as short as one sentence or much longer, depending on the complexity of the text and the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers.

7. Steps to summarize
1. A summary usually begins with an introductory clause that states the article’s title and author. Example: In “Politics and the English Language,” George Orwell…
Quick grammar note: always place the name of an article in quotes. When introducing the author for the first time, use the author’s full name. Afterwards, use the author’s last name only (do not say “Mr. Orwell” or “Mrs. Burns.”).
2. Write a summary in your own words. Do not use quotes.
3. A summary should contain all of the major points (audience + purpose) of the original text. Do not focus entirely on the fine details, examples, or illustrations.
4. A summary must contain only the ideas of the original text. Do not insert any of your own opinions, interpretations, deductions, or comments into the summary.

8. Examples of one sentence summary
1. In "Politics and the English Language," George Orwell criticizes inaccurate English of his time and examines the connection between political orthodoxies and the debasement of language. 
2. In "Sexual Politics" by Kate Millett, the author documents the inequities of female sexuality within political conversations and demonstrates how American culture promotes a systematic subjugation of women’s sexual freedom. 
3. In “What to the Slave is the Fourth of July,” Frederick Douglass argues that positive statements of American values, such as liberty, citizenship, and freedom, do not resonate with slaves and other African Americans who do not benefit from any of those institutions of freedom.

9. Any Questions?

10. What is paraphrasing?
Paraphrasing involves putting a passage (a paragraph, a few sentences, etc.) from source material in your own words. Paraphrased material is usually shorter than the original passage, taking a somewhat broader segment of the source and condensing it.

11. Steps to paraphrase
1. When reading the paragraph that you will paraphrase, make a note only of the author’s basic point (or points). You don’t necessarily need to use full sentences.
2. In your notes, you should already be translating the language of the original text into your own words. Capturing the original idea matters most here.
3. When you are ready to write the paper, rely on your notes rather than on the author’s work. You will find it much easier to avoid borrowing from the original passage because you will not have seen it recently.
**Whenever you paraphrase, remember that the paraphrase must be in your own words. You must do more than merely substitute phrases and words: you must create your own sentence structures using your own words and phrases. Finding new words for ideas that are already well-expressed can be difficult, but changing words should not be your chief aim. In other words, don’t just use a thesaurus to “express” a passage in your own words. Instead, focus on filtering the ideas through your own understanding.

12. In a paraphrase you must…
Refer explicitly to the author in your paraphrase. 
Analyze. Tell your reader, who has never read this passage before, what is important to know about this passage.
Only include the details that are most important to your paraphrase. Not all of the details from the original passage need to be included in the paraphrase. Since you are the one communicating these ideas to another human, it is up to you to decide which details are most important.

13. passage from Oliver Sacks’ essay “An Anthropologist on Mars.”
Original Passage
Poor Paraphrase
The cause of autism has also been a matter of dispute. Its incidence is about one in a thousand, and it occurs throughout the world, its features remarkably consistent even in extremely different cultures. It is often not recognized in the first year of life, but tends to become obvious in the second or third year. Though Asperger regarded it as a biological defect of affective contact—innate, inborn, analogous to a physical or intellectual defect—Kanner tended to view it as a psychogenic disorder, a reflection of bad parenting, and most especially of a chillingly remote, often professional, "refrigerator mother." At this time, autism was often regarded as "defensive" in nature, or confused with childhood schizophrenia. A whole generation of parents— mothers, particularly—were made to feel guilty for the autism of their children.
The cause of the condition autism has been disputed. It occurs in approximately one in a thousand children, and it exists in all parts of the world, its characteristics strikingly similar in vastly differing cultures. The condition is often not noticeable in the child’s first year, yet it becomes more apparent as the child reaches the age of two or three. Although Asperger saw the condition as a biological defect of the emotions that was inborn and therefore similar to a physical defect, Kanner saw it as psychological in origin, as reflecting poor parenting and particularly a frigidly distant mother. During this period, autism was often seen as a defense mechanism, or it was misdiagnosed as childhood schizophrenia. An entire generation of mothers and fathers (but especially mothers) were made to feel responsible for their offspring’s autism.

14. passage from Oliver Sacks’ essay “An Anthropologist on Mars.”
Original Passage
Good Paraphrase
The cause of autism has also been a matter of dispute. Its incidence is about one in a thousand, and it occurs throughout the world, its features remarkably consistent even in extremely different cultures. It is often not recognized in the first year of life, but tends to become obvious in the second or third year. Though Asperger regarded it as a biological defect of affective contact—innate, inborn, analogous to a physical or intellectual defect—Kanner tended to view it as a psychogenic disorder, a reflection of bad parenting, and most especially of a chillingly remote, often professional, "refrigerator mother." At this time, autism was often regarded as "defensive" in nature, or confused with childhood schizophrenia. A whole generation of parents— mothers, particularly—were made to feel guilty for the autism of their children.
In “An Anthropologist on Mars,” Sacks list some of the known facts about autism. We know, for example, that the condition occurs in roughly one out of every three thousand children. Sacks also reveals that the characteristics of autism do not vary from one culture to the next. Moreover, the condition is difficult to diagnose until the child has entered the second or third year of life because, as Sacks points out, a child with autism will not show signs in the first year of his life. Sacks observes that researchers have had a hard time agreeing on the causes of autism. He sketches the diametrically opposed positions of Asperger and Kanner. On the one hand, Asperger saw the condition as representing a constitutional defect in the child’s ability to make meaningful emotional contact with the external world. On the other hand, Kanner regarded autism as a consequence of harmful childrearing practices. For many years, confusion about this condition reigned. One unfortunate consequence of this confusion, Sacks suggests, was the burden of guilt imposed on so many parents for their child’s condition.

15. Any questions?

16. Summary workshop
Take out your informal homework. Make sure that your name is on it, and identify the summary that you want critiqued. Switch homework with another student who completed the assignment.
On your partners homework, do the following:
Check to see if he/she mentioned the title of the article and the name of the author. If not, make that suggestion.
Is the correct audience mentioned? If not, make that suggestion.
Is the correct purpose mentioned? If not, make that suggestion.
Is the summary an accurate account of the article? If not, make that suggestion?
Are strong verbs used? Are vivid and specific adjectives used? If not, make that suggestion.

17. Audience/purpose of three articles
Article One: Nothing is Missing by Tom Munnecke
Audience:
Purpose:
Article Two: Lost in Translation by Lera B...
Article Three: The Internet: Is It Changing the Way We Think by John Naughton

18. Recap of ba2 Choose one of the three articles.
Write a one sentence summary of the article.
Write a five sentence summary of the article.
Paraphrase the pre-selected passage for your chosen article.
Label each part of your BA2.
**Must upload to Blackboard via Word document or PDF only. No Pages, Google Docs, Zip files, PNG, etc.

19. Before you leave… Read the following before next class:
First-Year Writing: Ch. 4 pgs
St. Martin's Handbook: Chapter 7, "Reading Critically" 
Turn in BA2 by Friday, Sept. 15 on Blackboard (Word document or PDF) by 11:59:59 p.m. (Monday sections)
Turn in BA2 by Saturday, Sept. 16 on Blackboard (Word document of PDF) by 11:59:59 p.m. (Tuesday section)
See class blog for handouts. drazanengl1301fall2017.wordpress.com
Please let me know if you have any questions or concerns. 