1. College Speech
3/7/2017

2. Objective | students will be able to:
Understand how evidence is used to support ideas.
Define 4 types of inductive arguments and questions to evaluate how the evidence in each is being used.

3. Expository speeches
The speech is intended to inform the audience with some unique, useful, or interesting information about a particular object, concept, or process; however. The topic could even be about people or places, but it may not be a figment of your own imagination. Your job is NOT to persuade, it is not to prove you are right. Your job is to inform.

4. Did you brainstorm?
You should have 2-3 things you would like to inform the class about.
This can be something you already know about, or maybe it is something you would like to learn about.

5. Examples
2 Speech/Debate presentations

6. Finding evidence
• Begin Generally. • Move to more specific as you learn more about the topic. • Let the research guide you. • Be Varied: Find information from a spectrum of sources. • Google is not a source • Avoid Wikis …. Wikis are evil!... Can be a starting point, but should NEVER be cited.

7. Can you back that up?

8. Newsflash!

9. You are not an expert
•Your position must be supported by more than just your statements. • You will support your positions with data from other sources. • This information is referred to as evidence.

10. Aristotle
Aristotle believed that there where two ways of thinking. • Inductively • Specific to General • The Creation of Belief • Deductively • General to Specific • The Application of Belief • Induction is normally the style of thought that deals with evidence.

11. Four types of induction/evidence
• Arguments from Example • Arguments from Statistic • Argument from Authority • Argument from Analogy

12. Arguments from example
• Simplest form of induction • Specific data point that supports the belief that you want the audience to believe. • Tests • Is the example relevant? • Is the example typical? • Are enough examples provided?

13. Argument from statistic
• Collection of examples
• Generally presented in numerical terms
• Examples
• Percentages • Ratios • Fractions
• Tests
• Is the source valid?
• Are the statistics outdated?
• Were the statistics gathered carefully?
• Sample Size
• Sample Selection
• Method

14. Argument from authority
• Evidence that relies on author’s Ethos • We belief because of who is telling us. • Generally presented as a quotation/testimony. • Tests • Is the testimony quoted correctly? • Is the testimony presented in context? • Is the source biased? • Is the source an expert on this subject? • Does the argument rest primarily on opinion?

15. Argument from analogy
• Analogies are comparisons.
• It assumes that if things are like in many ways that they will be like in other ways.
• Compared terms should be closely similar
• Structure
A is to B
C is to D

16. Argument from analogy
• Tests • Are the points similar? • Are the points of similarity numerous? • Are the points of differences numerous? • Are the similarities significant? • Are the points of similarity significant? • Are the points of differences significant? • Does the argument rest primarily on Analogy?

17. Focus on reputable resources
• Published books
• Newspapers and news websites
• Magazines
• College supported websites
• Libraries

18. Coming up….
March 9th: Go over expectations for PowerPoint. Workday in class: Toulmin Model; Introduction Paragraph; You need a Works Cited Page – if you need to know how to do this, see the my website resources page.
March 13th: Library time – do you need more evidence? Finish typing your full sentence outline. Work on PowerPoint.
March 15th: We will start speeches. You must be prepared to give your speech on this day. If you are not prepared, it will be considered late. Names will be drawn at random.