1. Acids and Bases and Chemical Reactions

2. What is an acid or a base?
(login is FERK660 password: dekalb)

3. Naming Acids Review

4. -ide Acids (also called binary acids)
Contains HYDROGEN and an anion that ends in -ide HF
H2S
HCN

5. Naming Rules Write HYDRO Add the ROOT OF THE NAME of the element.
Add -IC to the end.
Write the word ACID.

6. What are the weird ones? C, P, and S Hydrocarbonic Acid
Hydrophosphoric Acid
Hydrosulfuric Acid

7. HF
Hydronitric acid

8. Polyatomic Acids
Contains Hydrogen and a Polyatomic Ion.
HC2H3O2

9. Naming Rules Identify the POLYATOMIC ion present. Change –ate to –IC.
Change –ite to –OUS.
Write the word ACID.

10. Use your chart on the back of your periodic table
Use your chart on the back of your periodic table!! The PAI’s will be given to you, except the 12 we had to memorize!

11. What are the weird ones? P and S Sulfuric Acid Sulfurous Acid
Phosphoric Acid
Phosphorous Acid

12. Examples
HC2H3O2
Carbonic Acid

13. A way to remember them maybe?
I ate the acid. It was ic.
Don’t bite ous.
Neither of these has hydro.

14. How are bases named? Just like we have always named compounds.
Bases usually have OH-, CO3-2, or HCO3-

15. What is an important base to just know?
Ammonia, NH3

16. What are some properties of acids?
Taste sour (not in the lab though…)
Conduct electricity
Turns litmus red
All begin with H+
pH less than 7

17. What is this litmus stuff?
It is a paper coated with a lichen used to indicate acids or bases.

18. What are some real life acids?
Carbonic and Phosphoric acid- soda
Lactic acid- yogurt
Citric Acid- orange 18

19. What are some properties of bases?
Taste bitter
Feel slippery
Turn litmus paper blue
Conduct electricity
pH more than 7

20. What are some real life bases?
Bleach
Ammonia
Soap
Antacid

22. To review:

23. What is an indicator?
Something that changes color to tell you if you have an acid or a base.

24. Hydrangeas…a natural indicator
Change from pink to blue in different pH soils.

25. Indicators… https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vrOUdoS2BtQ
We will use this in a lab when I return next week

26. How do acids react with metals?
Most react very well.

27. What is produced?
H2 gas and a compound from a single replacement reaction.

28. How do acids react with carbonates or bicarbonate?
Very well.

29. What is produced? A compound, CO2, and H2O
(Remember) As a product, the H2CO3 breaks down into CO2 and H2O automatically.
bubbles!
CLR Commercial

30. What happens when you put an acid and a base together?
They neutralize 30

31. What does neutralize mean?
It is no longer acidic or basic.
Your pH is 7

32. What do they make?
A salt and water. 32

33. What is a salt?
An ionic compound that was the result of an acid/base neutralization reaction.

34. What is a hydrogen ion? H+
Just a proton

35. It is only a proton because Hydrogen has 1 proton and 1 electron.
The + charge means you lost an electron.
All that is left is a proton in the nucleus.

36. What is hydroxide?
OH-

37. What do they do?
Help to determine if something is acidic or basic.

38. What is a neutral solution?
One that has even amounts of H+ and OH-

39. What is dissociation?
When ionic compounds break apart into their ions in a solution.
Ex- NaCl in water breaks apart in to Na+ and Cl- ions or K3PO4 breaks apart into K+ and PO4-3
(We will use this in a bit)

40. Who was Arrhenius?
A Swedish scientist that worked with acids and bases.

41. How did Arrhenius define an acid?
Something that contains H+
(will be written first)

42. How did he define a base? Something that contains OH-
Written second, its an anion.

43. How would Arrhenius define the following?
HCl
NaOH
Ca(OH)2
H2SO4
HClO3
NH3

44. Oops… What happened? Arrhenius is wrong.
Ammonia is a strong base, but according to his theory, it would be neither.

45. What is pH?
It is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration.

46. What?
A French guy decided we needed a scale. It just means hydrogen power. (pouvoir hydrogene)

47. What is the pH scale?
A way of determining acids or bases numerically.

50. What is the range for a base?
>7

51. What is the range for an acid?
<7

52. What is the pH of a neutral solution?7

53. What is pOH?
The negative logarithm of the OH- concentration.

54. What do pH + pOH equal? 14

55. How do you solve for pH or pOH?
-log [H+]
-log [OH-]

56. Calculating pH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UiK37I159fc
Stop at 4:15

57. For sigfigs with subtracting, the 14 has an infinite number of decimals, so use the amount of decimals in the other number.

58. Example: Find the pH and the pOH for the following: 0.0125M HCl
0.250M NaOH

59. What is the next acid/base guy?
Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases

60. What did they say?
They tried to fix the definition of acids and bases.
In a solution, the H+ travels to either accept or donate.

61. What is a B-L acid?
Something that donates H+ ions

62. What is a B-L base?
A H+ acceptor.

63. How does this make NH3 a base?
It can accept H+ so it is now a base.

64. What is a conjugate acid?
It is what is produced when a base accepts H+.
Conjugates are
PRODUCTS!!

65. What is a conjugate base?
It is what is produced when an acid donates H+
Conjugates are
PRODUCTS!!

66. What? Bases make conjugate acids Acids make conjugate bases Example:
HNO3 + H2O  H3O+ + NO3-

67. Bronsted Lowry Acid Base Pairs

68. Examples H2O + NH4+  NH3 + H3O+ HCOOH + CN-  HCOO- + HCN
NH4+ + CO3-2  HCO3- + NH3
H2PO4- + OH-  HPO4-2 + H2O

69. What is a polyprotic acid?
An acid that contains more than one H

70. What kinds are there?
Monoprotic 1 H
Diprotic 2 H
Triprotic 3 H

71. What does this mean for acids?
It can under go multiple reactions to get rid of 1 H+ at a time.

72. Examples:

73. What is an example?
A is just a random anion with a -3 charge
H3A 

74. What is special about water??
It can act as either an acid or base

75. What is that called?
Amphoteric

76. You Survived PAP Chemistry!Mg
You Survived PAP Chemistry!