1. 14
Information System

2. Learning Objectives
Discus the importance of Management Information System for managers.
Explain the changing nature of Information:
Information Quality
Information Time
Information Quantity
Information Overload
Information Relevance
Defining Management Information Systems and its components:
Electronic data processing
Computer based information systems
Decision support systems
Discuss the differing information for different management level.
Explain the role of chief information officer.

3. Learning Objectives
Discuss the problems in implementing computer based MIS.
Security concerns
Decision support system
Expert system and Artificial Intelligence

4. Management Information System
Managers at all levels are finding that computer-based information systems provide information necessary for effective operation.
MIS-Computer based information system for more effective planning, decision making and control.
With information system playing such an important role in managing organization, It has become crucial for managers to understand how these systems should be designed, implemented and managed.

5. Nature of Information
Data- Data are raw, unanalysed numbers and facts about events.
Information-Information results when data are organized or analyzed in some meaningful way.

6. Information Quality:
The more accurate the information the higher its quality and more securely managers can rely on it when making decisions.
Information Time:
For effective control, corrective action must be applied before there has been to great deviation from the plan or standard.
The information provided by an information system must be available to right person at right time for appropriate action to be taken.

7. Information Quantity:
Managers are often inundated with irrelevant and useless information.
Information Overload:
Computer generates so much information that the managers can easily be overwhelmed.
Information Relevance:
Information that managers receive must have relevance to their responsibilities and tasks.

8. Defining Management Information Systems
MIS is a formal method of making available to manage-ment the accurate and timely information necessary to facilitate the decision-making process and enable the organization’s planning, control and operational functions to be carried out effectively.
EDP(Electronic Data Processing):
Computerized data processing and information management including report standardization for operating managers.
Computer Based Information System(CBIS)
Information System that goes beyond standardization of data to aid in the planning process.

9. Decision Support System(DSS)
Computer system accessible to non-specialists to assist in planning and decision making.
The use of DSS is expanding as recent advance in computer hardware and software allow managers and other designated employees to gain “On-line” or “Real-time” access to the database in MIS.

10. Differing Information for Different Management Level
The design of MIS must be taken into account the information needs of the various managerial levels needs, as well as routine transaction processing needs of the total organization.
Operational Control:
An MIS for operational control must provide highly accurate and detailed information on a daily or weekly basis.

11. Top Management: Middle management:
The type of information middle-level managers requires consists of aggregate data from within the organization as well as from sources outside the organization.
Top Management:
For top managers the MIS must provide information for strategic planning, the external sources of information on economic conditions, technological development, the action of competitors.

12. Role of Chief Information Officer (CIO)
The chief Information officer (CIO) is the “human link” between top management and the company’s information system.
The CIO is responsible for overseeing the preparation and dissemination of policies and procedures for new and existing system.
CIO also act as change agent who is responsible for the introduction of such technologies as telecommunication, office automation, MIS, DSS, expert system and related activities.
CIO focuses on planning and developing creative and innovative ways to meet manager’s growing information needs.

13. Problems in Implementing Computer Based MIS
Does the MIS disrupt established departmental boundaries?
Does the MIS disrupt the informal system?
Does the MIS challenge specific individual characteristics?
Is the MIS supported by organizational culture?
Do employee have a say in how the change is implemented?

14. Implementation and Security
Security Concerns:
Theft and vandalism
Destruction or alteration of data
Unauthorized dissemination of restricted or sensitive information
Piracy

15. Decision Support System
An interactive computer system that is easily accessible to and operated by those who are not computer specialized which help them in planning and decision making function.
DSS helps managers make non routine decisions in unstructured situations.

16. Expert System and Artificial Intelligence
Expert system is a computer based system using artificial intelligence techniques to diagnose problems, recommended approaches to solving or avoiding them and provide a rational for these recommendations.
AI: Development of computational approaches to simulate intelligent human thought or behavior.