1. Chapter 6
Lesson 2
Soil
Pages

2. 1. If you look at soil with a hand lens, you will find small pieces of rocks, minerals, and humus.

3. 2. You might not see them, but soil is made up of water, air, and living things as well.

4. 3. When plants and animals die, bacteria and fungi decompose them.

5. 4. All layers of soil, from Earth’s surface down to the bedrock are shown in a soil profile.

6. 5. The different layers of a soil profile are called horizons and include topsoil, subsoil, and weathered bedrock.
Topsoil
Subsoil
Weathered
Bedrock
Bedrock

7. There are many different kinds of soil with their own properties.

8. 6. The property of soil that refers to the size of soil particles is called texture. Clay is fine with small particles and sandy soil is coarse with large particles.

9. 7. Other properties of soil are color and permeability, which indicates how easily water passes through soil.

10. 8. The spaces between the particles in soil, called pore spaces, determine how porous the soil is.

11. Porous materials have pore spaces in them which hold air and water.

12. 9. Soil that is permeable to air and water will allow living things to survive.

13. Permeability describes how fast water passes through a porous material
Permeability describes how fast water passes through a porous material. The size and number of pore spaces affects a soil’s permeability.

14. 10. If the soil does not hold enough water, crop plants can dry up
10. If the soil does not hold enough water, crop plants can dry up. If the soil holds too much water, crop plants can drown.

15. 11. Pedologists can learn about the soil’s properties and what kind of plants could grow in that type of soil.