1. Pg. 26 RTW: What does “thermocline” mean?
Monday, September 26
Pg. 26 RTW: What does “thermocline” mean?
Objective: I will understand the process of desalination and design a successful desalination prototype.
Agenda:
Discuss the process of desalination
Design a prototype
Homework:
Study for quiz Thursday!

2. Water Desalination Plant
Obtaining reliable fresh water supplies from challenging water sources
Pg.

3. Natural & Man-made Processes
Water Cycle
Thermal Desalination Process
Sun heats water in oceans, lakes, streams...
Water evaporates
Water condenses to form clouds
Rain falls back to the Earth
Hot plate heats water in desalination plant
Water evaporates
Ice forces vapor to condense
Water is collected in plant

4. Desalination Plant Please write & answer these questions on pg. 26
What is desalination?
How much does it cost to filter 1 cubic meter of water ?
What do they need to add to the water?
Why do you think Israel has one of the largest desalination plants?

5. Your Objective Design a desalination plant
Use a saltwater circuit to test the efficiency of the plant
Improve the design until the plant reaches the design specifications
Using the Saltwater Circuit to Test Efficiency:
After water has been collected, students should use the saltwater circuit and the collected water to test the efficiency of their plant. If the light bulb on the circuit turns on then the water has too much salt in it and the plant is not efficient. If the light bulb does not turn on then the plant was able to remove the salt from the saltwater mixture.
Design specifications: Your plant should be able to significantly remove the salt content from a saltwater mixture. We will test you plant using the saltwater circuit.

6. Engineering Design Loop Steps
Understand the need Brainstorm designs Select a design Build a prototype Test Improve the design
Engineers look for opportunities in problems society faces
Generate ideas on how to address the identified need
Pick the most promising design or combination of designs
Build your design
Find out if the design meets the design specifications
Make improvements to reach or exceed design goals

7. Pg. 27 Get into a group of 3 people
On paper, draw out a model that labels all of the components of your desalination plant design.
Describe how the process will work.
If you need any supplies other than what’s listed, you may request them on the paper up front (not guaranteed, though)

8. Tuesday, September 27th
Pg. 26 RTW: Match the process with the correct change in state or definition.
Evaporation
Precipitation
Transpiration
Condensation
Liquid to gas
Gas vapor to liquid
Liquid that returns to the earth’s surface
Vapor that enters the atmosphere from the leaves of plants

9. Tuesday, September 27th
Objective: I will understand the process of desalination and create a successful desalination prototype.
Agenda:
Create your prototype
Homework:
Study for quiz Thursday!

10. Bags up front You need your notebook Set up your experiment Put the hot plate on high

11. Wednesday, September 28th
Pg. 26 RTW: Do you think thermal desalination is a viable solution to fresh water shortages? Why or why not?
Objective: I will understand the process of desalination and create a successful desalination prototype.
Agenda:
Test your prototype & redesign
Homework:
Study for quiz tomorrow!

12. Clean up Ms. D’Ambrosio will take the can off the burner
CAREFULLY disassemble the experiment
Pour water down sink
Save the
Can (rinse out with fresh water)
Tubing
Throw out everything else

13. Thursday, September 29th
Pg. 26 RTW: What could be some negative impacts of thermal desalination?
Objective: I will understand the process of desalination and create a successful desalination prototype.
Agenda:
Quiz!
Reflect on your design and the desalination process.
Homework:
None 

14. Properties of Water
pg. in ISN

15. The Water Budget Evaporation Condensation Precipitation Transpiration
Ocean- 97% of all water on Earth
Determines Sea Level
Has changed in the last 12,000 years (last Ice Age)

16. Water’s unique properties allow life to exist on Earth.
Properties of Water
Water’s unique properties allow life to exist on Earth.
1.) Water is a POLAR molecule, which have slightly CHARGED regions.
Nonpolar molecules do not have charged regions.

17. 2.) Hydrogen Bonds form between slightly positive hydrogen atoms and slightly negative atoms.
Hydrogen bonds are responsible for several important properties of water:
High specific heat
Cohesion
Adhesion

18. 3.) High Specific Heat – hydrogen bonds require a high degree of heat before they break, minimizing temperature changes.
75% of the earth is covered by water. The water serves as a large heat sink responsible for:
Prevention of temperature fluctuations that are outside the range suitable for life.
Coastal areas having a mild climate
A stable marine environment

19. 4.) Cohesion – the property of water molecules being attracted to
EACH OTHER.
Causes surface tension (how water stays in a drop if you put it on the table instead of spreading out)
Makes a skin-like surface over the water
Also helps the water go up the capillary tube by pulling the others along.

20. 5.) Adhesion – the property of
water molecules being attracted to OTHER types of molecules.
Causes “capillary action” The ability of water to crawl up a very skinny tube.
This is because the water molecules are
being attracted to the molecules of the
glass tube.

21. 6.) Universal Solvent = ability to dissolve compounds.
solution
6.) Universal Solvent = ability to dissolve compounds.
Solution is formed when one substance dissolves in another.
Solvents (such as WATER) dissolve other substances.
Solutes (such as salt or sugar) dissolve in a solvent.
“Like dissolves like.”
Polar solvents dissolve polar solutes.
Nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes.
Polar substances and nonpolar substances generally remain separate. Example: water and oil

22. 7.) Density = Mass/Volume (how compact an object is)
Above 4ºC density
decreases w/ increasing
Temperature
4ºC & below- reverses
At 0ºC molecules form a
crystal structure-
Ice Floats!!!!

23. Density Continued…
Salinity increase OR temperature decrease = density increases
This is why salt water sinks below fresh water & hot water rises above cooler water
Thermocline- a subsurface zone of rapid temperature decrease w/ depth
~ 1ºC/meter
Turbidity: measure of how cloudy water is.
As turbidity increases, density also increases.
Adding materials to water increases mass without increasing volume – therefore density increases.

24. pH = measure of the hydrogen ions (H+) in water.
An acid releases a hydrogen ion when it dissolves in water. Acids have a high H+ concentration and a pH less than 7.
A base removes hydrogen ions from a solution. Bases have a low H+ concentration and a pH greater than 7.
A neutral solution has a pH of 7.

25. Objective: I will understand the current patterns of the ocean.
Friday, September 30th
Objective: I will understand the current patterns of the ocean.
Agenda:
Ocean Currents Map
Homework:
None 

26. Current Map Pick up a world map Turn to page 11-5
Copy and label the currents on your map. Use the map on the next slide to help you identify the cold and warm currents. (please show these on your map)
Note: the map on the board and in the text don’t line up exactly but show the same thing.

27. Major ocean currents of the world
Major ocean currents of the world. On this illustration red arrows indicate warm currents, while cold currents are displayed in blue.
*When done glue to pg. 28*