1. Bellringer: 10/26 and 10/27 1. Pick up the papers by the door.
2. Update your ToC:
Page 37: Notes – Persian Empire
Page 38: Persia Activity WS: Primary Source + Map
3. Write down your HW:
Begin reviewing for your Unit 2 Test! (11/1 for 1st and 2nd, 11/2 for 6th)
We have a review day on Friday (1st, 2nd) and Monday (6th). PLEASE COME PREPARED TO PLAY REVIEW GAMES.

2. Agenda: 10/26 and 10/27 1. Bellringer 2. Reading Check (6th only)
3. Notes: Persian Empire
4. Activity:
Cyrus the Great: Three Documents, Three Perspectives
Persia Map Activity
5. Study Guide Review/Quizizz Test Practice

3. Reading check: Duiker pages 33-34
1. What ruler is credited with first turning Persia into a powerful empire? (1 point)
2. What is the difference between a satrapy and a satrap? (2 points)
3. Give a reason why Cyrus is given the name “Cyrus the Great”. (1 point)
4. What was the name of the route that traveled between the cities of Sardis to Susa, crossing the Persian Empire? (1 point)
5. What was the name of the official Persian religion? What was the name of its deity? (2 points)
6. Identify a similarity between the official Persian religion and another religion or philosophy of your choosing. (1 point)

4. Reading check: Duiker pages 33-34
1. Cyrus
2. A satrapy is a province or region. A satrap is a governor in charge of a satrapy.
3. Options: Gentle, kind, mindful ruler; showed compassion and tolerance in his conquering of others; gave mercy to conquered peoples
4. Royal Road
5. Zoroastrianism; Ahuramazda
6. Hinduism (karma); Christianity (duality – God vs. devil – belief in heaven and hell, monotheistic); Judaism (monotheistic); Daoism (belief in natural balance of forces like yin and yang)

5. Quick Recap: The People of Mesopotamia
Who is living in Mesopotamia (the “Fertile Crescent”)?
Sumerians (along Tigris/Euphrates Rivers)
Hebrews (in their promised land, Canaan)
Phoenicians (in modern-day Lebanon)
Assyrians (in modern-day Syria, Iraq, etc.)
All of those are eventually pushed out/conquered by the Chaldeans (the Babylonians)
Then whole region = conquered by the Persians

6. Assyrian Empire

7. (New) Babylon = Chaldeans

8. Persian Empire

9. Geography Persian Empire = expansive! (lots of land)
Conquered the Middle East, Egypt, modern-day Iran and Afghanistan, Asia Minor, and even into Europe
Gets close to India but never quite surmount the Hindu Kush/Himalayas

10. In the orange territory, centered around city of Persepolis
Where is this today?
Modern-day Iran
1. Where would you find the oldest part of the Persian empire?

11. In approximately 4th century BCE
2. When did the Persian empire reach its greatest extent?

12. Religion: Zoroastrianism
Named after the prophet Zoroaster
Monotheistic – Ahuramazda is their god
Based on conflict between good vs. evil, light vs. dark (dualism)
Similar to what Chinese philosophy?
Becomes the state religion of Persia
Remains the religion of Persia until the Greeks take over

14. Achievements: Centered on encouraging cultural unity
Use of the imperial bureaucracy to enforce laws
Standard weights and measures
Public works were constructed
City of Persepolis = greatest example of Persian art/architecture
Animals = common theme in their art and arch.

17. Achievements: The Royal Road = 1,500 mile long road connecting cities
Why do they need this road?
Strong, large army  need to transport them safely and quickly
Promote trade
Communication (messenger service, postal service – think the Pony Express!)
Travel this distance in 7 days!

18. Cities of Susa and Sardis
3. Where were the two endpoints of the Royal Road?

19. Royal Road video:
Start to

20. Politics: Imperial Bureaucracy
Imperial = belonging to an empire
Bureaucracy = organizational structure in government that is in charge of administration
Designed a legal code that was tolerant and accepting of many different cultures (because of the expansive nature of the Persian Empire)

21. Politics: Imperial Bureaucracy
king
Satraps (like governors)
Town leaders,
Army leaders,
Tax collectors

22. Political Leaders: Cyrus the Great
Founder of the Persian Empire
Conquered many lands
Known for his tolerance of other cultures and religions
EX: Allowed the Hebrews to return to and rebuild Jerusalem

23. Politics: Cyrus the Great
Called “the Great” because of conquests and because people loved him
Persian Empire expanded easily, conquered peoples wanted to be a part of it

24. Political Leaders: Cambyses the “Not So Great”
Cyrus’ son
Not so great.
Cambyses is everything his father is not
Intolerant
Mean
Disliked
When he dies, the empire falls apart

25. Political Leaders: Darius the “Pretty Good”
Comes to power after a mini-civil war
Creates the largest empire in the world at that time

26. Political: Darius Brings back the ideas of Cyrus:
Re-conquers the empire
Adds new territory (like Greece)
Restores tolerance
Creates the Persian imperial bureaucracy and constructs Royal Road

28. Economy Trade = key part of Persian economy
Standard currency  facilitate trade in a diverse empire
Used metal coins (taken from Lydian civilization in Asia Minor)  allows for trade to be easier
No more weighing silver, gold bars to pay for goods
Royal Road = allows for trade and transportation throughout growing Persian Empire

29. Social Socially stratified society Large empire = lots of people
Persia needs to practice cultural tolerance because they are conquering SO many different people
People would still speak own languages and follow their own customs even after being conquered
Important that rulers are tolerant of others
EX: When Cyrus the Great conquered new cities, he did NOT destroy important buildings, like temples, used by that civilization. Instead, he would pray there with them to honor and show respect for local customs

30. Persia activities: 1. Primary Source Activity: Cyrus the Great
2. Map Activity: Persian Empire
** If you finish these, you can review your study guide to prepare for your test on 11/1 and 11/2. **