1. TPG 4140 NTNU Natural Gas in Norway
Professor Jon Steinar Gudmundsson
Department of Petroleum Engineering and Applied Geophysics
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Trondheim
September 3, 2013

2. Oil Equivalent 1000 Sm3 gas = 1 Sm3 o.e.
The total petroleum production for the first seven months in 2013 was about million standard cubic meters oil equivalents. (MSm3 o.e.), broken down as follows: about 49.5 MSm3 o.e. of oil, about 13.0 MSm3 o.e. of NGL and condensate and about 64.6 MSm3 o.e. of gas for sale.

3. Outline Actors in oil and gas industry
Blocks and fields offshore Norway
Receiving and processing terminals
Licence, partner and operator
Resources and reserves
Field development
Gas production and forecast
Gas transport system
Petoro, Gassled and Gassco
Tax and “Pension Fund”

5. FACTS 2013 Norwegian petroleum history Framework and organization
The petroleum sector – Norway’s largest industry
Petroleum resources
Exploration activity
Development and operations
Gas export from the Norwegian shelf
Research in the oil and gas activities
Environmental considerations in the Norwegian petroleum Sector
Fields in production
Fields under development
Future developments
Fields where production has ceased
Pipelines and onshore facilities

6. Oil and Gas Exporters 2011

7. State organization of petroleum activities

8. Oil and gas names Ministry of Petroleum and Energy (MPE)
Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD)
Petroleum Safety Authority (PTIL)
Norwegian Climate and Pollution Agency (KLIF)
Petoro AS, Statoil ASA, Gassco AS, Gasled JV
PDO = Plan for Development and Operation
PUD = Plan for utbygging og drift
SDFI = State’s Direct Financial Interest
SDØE = Statens direkte økonomiske engasjement
NCS = Norwegian Continental Shelf

9. Internet addresses (MPE) Olje- og energidepartementet www.oed.no
(NPD) Oljedirektoratet
(PSA) Petroleumstilsynet
Petoro
Statoil
Gassco

10. State’s oil and gas MPE state’s highest authority
NPD state’s resources authority
PTIL health and safety authority
Petoro (100% state owned) largest percentage in licenses on NCS
Statoil owned 67% by state

17. Infrastructure Offhore and on Land
Production platforms (fixed and floating) and subsea systems (to platforms and subsea-to-beach)
Pipelines (flowlines from wells to platforms, transport to land and to the Continent and UK)
Receiving and processing terminals (Kårstø, Kollsnes, Sture, Tjeldbergodden, Nyhamna, Melkøya)

18. Receiving and Processing Terminals
Kårstø, larges terminal, receives gas and condensate, processes and compresses for transport to Europe. Combined cycle gas fired power plant.
Kollsnes, receives gas from Troll, processes and compresses for transport to Europe. Compressors driven by hydroelectricity.
Mongstad, refinery, shuttle tankers arrive with crude oil, also by pipeline. Combined gas as fired power plant.
Sture, receives oil and condensate from offshore fields.
Nyhamna, receives gas from Ormen Lange field, processes and compresses for transport to United Kingdom (mainly). Facility uses hydroelectricity, but has gas fired back-up.
Tjeldbergodden, receives gas from Heidrun field (and some from others), produces liquid methanol. Facility uses hydroelectricity, but has gas fired back-up.
Melkøya, recives gas from Snøhvit field, produces LNG for export by ship. Facility receives electricity for compressors and process from own gas fired power plants.

19. Kårstø and Kollsnes
(2012)

20. Mongstad and Sture
(2012)

21. Nyhamna and Tjeldbergodden
(2012) & (2012)

22. Snøhvit, Melkøya and Hammerfest
(2012)

23. Subsurface resources
Oil and gas resources on NCS owned by the state (the people)
The State offers blocks to companies
Companies nominate (apply for) blocks
MPE issues percentages in blocks (licenses) and operatorship
Companies pay 78% (28+50) in tax

24. Kristin License An Example
Operator:
Statoil ASA
Partners (rettighetshavere):
Statoil ASA per cent
Petoro AS per cent
ExxonMobil production per cent
Eni Norge AS per cent
Total E&P Norge AS per cent

25. Resources and Reserves
Plan for Development and Operation (PDO) describes the development of a petroleum (oil and gas) deposit.
Plan for Installation and Operation (PIO) applies to installation and operation of facilities for transport and exploitation of petroleum.

26. Resources and Reserves

27. Norway Petroleum Resources 31.12.2012

29. Norwegian Petroleum Reserves and Resources

30. Lifetime of Oil and Gas Developments
…på sikker og miljømessig forsvarlig måte
Nye funn
K. Pedersen, Petoro AS, November 2008, Bodø

31. PDO Prognosis and Actual Production Examples

32. Oil and Gas Capex and Opex in Norway

33. Produced Fluids NCS

34. Gas Sales

35. Natural Gas Export Norway 2012

36. Petroleum Production in Norway

37. Production and Forecast

38. Natural Gas Production and Forecast

39. Sales Gas Norwegian Fields

40. Gas transport system
Pipelines and processing facilities at Kårstø and Kollsnes owned by Gassled (from )
Gassled is JV owned by oil and gas companies, including Petoro
Gassco responsible for operation of pipelines and processing facilities (from )
Gassco owned 100% by state
EU’s Gas Directive (separation of production and transport)

42. Norway supplies natural gas to continent of Europe and United Kingdom

43. Petoro
The Norwegian government has large holdings in oil and gas licences on Norway’s continental shelf (NCS) through the State’s Direct Financial Interest (SDFI). These are managed by Petoro AS. The company’s most important job is to help ensure the highest possible value creation from the SDFI – value which benefits the whole of Norway.

44. Gassled
Gassled is a joint venture for the owners of the gas transport system on the Norwegian continental shelf. The gas transport system consists of pipelines, platforms and onshore process facilities and gas terminals abroad. The system is used by all parties needing to transport Norwegian gas. The receiving terminals for Norwegian gas in Germany, Belgium, France and the UK are wholly or partially owned by Gassled. Gassled’s activities are regulated by the Petroleum Regulations and tariffs for the individual services stipulated by the Ministry of Petroleum and Energy. At the end of 2012, the owners of Gassled were Petoro AS, Solveig Gas Norway AS, Njord Gas Infrastructure AS, Silex Gas Norway AS, Infragas Norge AS, Statoil Petroleum AS, Norsea Gas AS, ConocoPhillips Skandinavia AS, DONG E&P Norge AS, GDF SUEZ E&P Norge AS and RWE Dea Norge AS.

45. Gassled
Norway, western Europe’s largest gas exporter, will delay proposed cuts to tariffs on natural gas transported through the Gassled pipeline network, responding to a huge reaction from interested parties, according to news reports.
A scheduled 90 percent cut in gas transport tariffs, due to come into effect from May 1, 2013 will be delayed as the Oil and Energy Ministry  considers responses to news of the plan.
“We can confirm that we are aiming for changes in the tariff regulation to come into force July 1,” according to ministry spokesman. “The ministry has received extensive submissions and will need more time.”
Petroleum & Energy Minister recently announced the proposed tariff cut that is intended to boost the economic viability of exploiting marginal finds in mature areas to lift recovery rates.
Norway, which is planning to cut tariffs in the network to make more gas discoveries profitable while boosting exploration and recovery rates, has received criticism from investors in the pipeline and their lenders. Investors argue the cut would reduce returns to 4 percent, well below their projected minimum of 7 percent.

46. Gassled’s Owners 2012 Petoro AS 45.793% Solveig Gas Norway AS 24.756%
Njord Gas Infrastructure AS 8.036%  
Silex Gas Norway AS 6.102% 
Infragas Norway AS 5.006%  
Statoil Petroleum AS   5.000% 
Norsea Gas AS 2.261%  
ConocoPhillips Scandinavia AS   1.678%  
DONG  E&P Norway AS 0.983% 
GDF SUEZ E&P Norway AS 0.304% 
RWE Dea Norway AS 0.081%

47. Gassco
Gassco’s role as a neutral and independent operator of the gas transport system is important in order to ensure that all users are treated equally, both as regards utilisation of the transport system and considerations for increasing capacity. This is necessary to ensure efficient utilisation of the resources on the continental shelf. Efficient utilisation of the existing gas transport system can also contribute to reducing or postponing the need for new investments. Gassco has the operatorship and coordinates and manages the gas streams flowing through the pipeline network to the markets (system operation). In addition, Gassco is responsible for administration of the gas transport capacity (capacity administration) and development of infrastructure.

48. Tax on Oil and Gas in Norway

49. Market Value Norwegian Pension Fund

50. Carbon Dioxide Storage

51. Summary Resources and reserves is not the same
MPE issues licenses (%) and operatorship
In year 2010 oil and gas production equal, measured in o.e
State owns Petoro (100%), Statoil (67%) and Gassco (100%)
Extensive infrastructure offshore and on land makes Norway 7th larges exporter of oil and 3rd larges in export of gas (not production)

52. Yes, there is progress…

53. Conversions Used in Norway53