1. Some Critical Issues for the Twenty-First Century
Chapter 16
Some Critical Issues for the Twenty-First Century
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2. Global Interdependence and the Growth of Developing World Markets
LDCs have long been dependent on developed countries
Developed countries are increasingly dependent on LDCs for
Natural resources and raw materials
Markets for developed-country products
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3. The Global Environment and the Developing World
Pollutants and their consequences for the global environment
MDC and LDC contributions to greenhouse gases
Rain Forest Preservation as a Public Good: Who Should Pay?
Searching for Solutions: The 1992, 1007, and 2002 summits.
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4. The Crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa
Economic dimensions of the problem: over the 1980s
Per capita output and consumption fell by more than 40%
Investment and exports fell by about 30%
Per capita food production fell, poverty rates rose
Total external debt more than doubled
Overall economic growth lagged behind that in other regions
The 1990s were not been much better
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5. The Economic Crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa
Economic dimensions of the problem
Social dimensions of the problem
Severe cuts in health and educational expenditures
Declines in school enrollments
Increases in malnutrition, maternal and child mortality.
Spread of HIV
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6. The Economic Crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa
Causes of the crisis are many and varied, but include:
Drought
Low commodity prices
Foreign capital withdrawal
Reduced foreign aid
Poor government policies (neglect of agriculture, inefficient SOEs, no attention toward export promotion)
Rapid population growth
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7. Globalization and International Financial Reform
National economies are increasingly integrated into the global economy
Globalization has three main effects:
A lessening of the power and influence of individual nation-states, esp. in the developing world
An increased risk of financial instability
An increase in illegal immigration from the South to the North
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8. Globalization and International Financial Reform, cont’d
Effective Management of new Global Challenges include:
Debt relief for LDCs
The creation of new LDC-funding sources, such as a tax on international currency transactions (Tobin tax); curb hot money flows
Creation of formal national bankruptcy procedure for severely indebted countries.
Reform of the IMF and the World Bank
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9. Concepts for Review Absorptive capacity Agenda 21 AIDS Biodiversity
Earth summit
Global commons
Global factories
Globalization
Global warming
Greenhouse gases
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Ozone depletion
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