1. Goat and Sheep Restraint

2. Sheep restraint
Sheep are timid animals. They do not seem to enjoy being stroked or petted
The usual response is to flee when frightened and they may cause serious injury to themselves in their effort to escape
Sheep have extremely strong flocking instincts and tend to behave as a group

3. When catching sheep, several points are key
Individual sheep need to be separated from the flock: this is often done by first driving the flock into an enclosure pen, then cornering a single sheep against a fence or wall.
The sheep may try to flee by going through the fence or climbing along the fence or wall
Another common tendency to avoid is catching them by grabbing the wool: this can easily pull out the wool and bruise or rip the skin
Grabbing by the horns (when present) must be done with care to avoid breaking them

5. Sheep are held by circling the neck with one arm and placing the other arm around the rump
The rear end may also be controlled by placing an arm over the back to grasp the skin fold of the lower flank

6. Many procedures can be done by simply backing the sheep into a corner, straddling the animal between the handler’s legs, and squeezing the sheep shoulders firmly between the legs.
The head or neck can be controlled in this position

7. Procedures such as examination of the hooves, shearing, and vaccination require immobilizing the animal with a technique known as “setting up”

8. This method esentially sits the sheep down on its rump: without contact the feet with the ground, the animal cannot struggle and basically becomes submissive to the handler

9. Lamb restraint
Small lambs are carried by placing one hand under the body and between the forelimbs to support the sternum, and other hand around the neck

10. Castration and tail docking are performed at an early age, usually in the first to second week of life
For these procedures, the lam is restrained in dorsal recumbency with its back in the handler’s lap or against the handler’s body.

11. Goat restraining
Although similar to sheep in size, goats are entirely different in temperament and behavior.
Goats are gregarious and seem to enjoy the company of other species of animals
Goats form social hierarchy within a group and dominant males and females can be identify
Goats may show aggression, usually in the form of head-butting. This usually preceded by raising the hair on the spine, stamping the front feet and making a characteristic sneezing/snorting noise

12. One hand is used to grasp the beard while other arm is placed around the neck to control the head

13. Horns If the horns are present, they may be used for head restraining
Horns should be restrained near their base
Goats resent being held by the ears, and owners consider ear restraining to be abusive

14. Another method is to stand alongside the goat and hold the muzzle in one hand; the other hand reaches over the back and grasp the near hind leg.
* If you have a good back!!!

15. Neck collars
Goats readily accept neck collars or chains, which provide a convenient hold on the animal.
Goats do not tolerate being set up like sheep

16. Small kids are usually held in the lap for procedures such as dehorning
The kid is placed in sternal recumbency on the lap by folding its front legs beneath it and the handler’s forearms are placed on the back and pressed down to keep the kid for rising

17. Basic Physical Examination
Rectal Temperature
Heart
Rate
Respiratory Rate
102.5
range
70-90/min
12-25/min
102.0
15-30/min

18. Basic Physical Examination
The direct hands-on physical examination typically includes:
-temperature/pulse/respiration (TPR)
-heart/lung auscultation
-abdominal auscultation and assessment of rumen function
-hydratation status
-examination of mucous membranes

19. Temperature Temperature is taken rectally
When taking the rectal temperature of goat, a dark brown , waxy ,material may be seen near the anus; this secretions is normal and is produced by sebaceous glands under the tailhead

20. Pulse is taken on the femoral artery is most convenient in sheep and goat
The respiration rate is best taken by counting chest excursions from a distance prior to herding or handling

21. Auscultation of the heart and lungs is performed as for the cow and horse
Heart auscultation is performed using the same anatomical landmarks
The borders for lung auscultation in ruminants are between ribs #5 cranially and #11 caudally

22. Mucous membranes should be pink and moist , with capillary refill time of 1-2 seconds

23. Famacha (Anemia guide)

24. Diagnostic sampling
The jugular vein is most often used for venous sampling.
In sheep it may be accesed with the animal standing or in the “set-up” rump position

25. Alcohol is suitable for disinfecting the skin
An 20-ga x 1 needle is generally preferred
Vacutainer system may also be used

26. Ovine and Caprine
One person can set up a sheep and obtain a jugular vein blood sample

27. One person restrains the sheep by straddling the shoulders and holding the head, while the other person obtains a jugular vein sample.

28. In goats the standing position is used.
For standing procedure in either species, the animal is straddled and back the animal against a solid object.

29. Young animals may be restrained standing

30. Blood collection on lambs
Small lambs are carried by placing one hand under the body and between the forelimbs to support the sternum, and other hand around the head and support the neck on handler’s body

31. Injections
Shot Site Locations: SQ is given behind or in front of the front legs, IM in side of the neck.
Semitendinosus/semimembranosus muscle. The sciatic nerve , which lies on the sciatic grove , must be avoided
Do not inject more than 5 ml per IM injection site

33. Weighting a goat