1. Material Science and Metallurgy
Gujarat Power engineering And research institute
Subject code:

2. The Iron-Iron Carbide Phase Diagram
Heat Treatment of Steel
A presentation by:-
Dinesh Prajapati ( )
Nihal ghanchi ( )
Prabha kanyal ( )
Jay Kapadia ( )
Kashyap patel ( )
Krushn patel ( )

3. Iron-Iron carbide phase diagram

4. Phases in Iron-iron carbide phase diagram:-
α-ferrite - solid solution of C in BCC Fe
• Stable form of iron at room temperature.
• The maximum solubility of C is wt%
• Transforms to FCC γ-austenite at 912°C
γ-austenite - solid solution of C in FCC Fe
• The maximum solubility of C is 2.14 wt %.
• Transforms to BCC δ-ferrite at 1395 °C
• Is not stable below the eutectic temperature (727 C) unless cooled rapidly

5. Continue.. δ-ferrite solid solution of C in BCC Fe
• The same structure as α-ferrite
• Stable only at high T, above 1394 °C
• Melts at 1538 °C
Fe3C (iron carbide or cementite)
• This intermetallic compound is metastable, it remains as a compound indefinitely at room T, but decomposes (very slowly, within several years)into α-Fe and C (graphite) at °C.
Fe-C liquid solution

6. Mechanical properties:
Cementite is very hard and brittle -can strengthen steels. Mechanical properties also depend on the microstructure, that is, how ferrite and cementite are mixed.
Magnetic properties:
α-ferrite is magnetic below 768 °C, austenite is non-magnetic

7. Features Reactions Phases present L a ferrite Bcc structure
Ferromagnetic
Fairly ductile d
Bcc structure
Paramagnetic
g austenite
Fcc structure
Non-magnetic
ductile
Fe3C cementite
Orthorhombic
Hard
brittle
Reactions
Peritectic L + d = g
Max. solubility of C in ferrite=0.022%
Max. solubility of C in austenite=2.11%
Eutectic L = g + Fe3C
Eutectoid g = a + Fe3C

8. Microstructures a g

9. Steels Classification/Nomenclature
Steel is an interstitial solid solution of carbon in iron.
Theoretically steel has a maximum of 2.11% carbon.
In practice, the amount of carbon rarely exceeds 0.8%
Classification/Nomenclature
Low carbon steels up to 0.2%C
Medium carbon steels %C
High carbon steels >0.4% C
AISI 1020:
Last two numbers indicate
Amount of carbon :0.2%C
10 indicates plain carbon steel
AISI 4340: 0.4%C
43 indicates alloy steel

10. Microstructural changes in steel on cooling for different compositions

11. Eutectoid steel

12. Hypoeutectoid steel

13. Hypereutectoid steel

14. Thank you for watching presentation silently