1. Characteristics of the Transient Nucleate Boiling Process
Prepared by
Dr. N. I. KOBASKO, FASM
IQ Technologies Inc, Akron, Ohio USA
and
Intensive Technologies Ltd, Kyiv, UKRAINE
2nd International Conference on Intelligent Control, Modelling and System Engineering
January 29 – 31, 2014
Cambridge, MA, USA

2. Table of Content Introduction
Duration of the transient nucleate boiling process and its characteristics
Self–regulated thermal process
Real and effective heat transfer coefficients (HTC’s)
Practical use of discovered phenomena
Conclusions

3. Duration of Transient Nucleate Boiling Process
- Duration , s; coefficient depending on initial temperature and condition of cooling
- coefficient depending on configuration of steel part
coefficient depending on liquid flow velocity
D - size of steel part (m) ; a - thermal diffusivity (m2/s)
Source: N.I.Kobasko, Transient Nucleate Boiling as a Law of Nature…,
Proc. of the 7th IASMEWSEAS Int. Conf. on (THE’09), Moscow, 2009.

4. Coefficient Depending on Initial Temperature and Properties of Quenchants
Water, 20oC
4.17
30-50% CaCl2
4.78
5 – 12% NaOH
3.6
6 – 8% Na2NO3
3.76

5. Coefficient for Bodies of Different Shapes
Shape of a body
Plate
0.1013
Cylinder
0.0432
Sphere
0.0253
Round plate D = nZ:
n = 1
0.0303
n = 2
0.0639
n = 5
0.0926

6. Cooling Curves for Cylindrical Specimen of 28mm Diameter When Quenching in Water Flow of 1.5m/s at 20oC
Results provided by Idemitsu Kosan Lab of Japan in 2011

7. Experimental cooling curves obtained by using DCT Ø2” probe when quenching in IQ water tank

8. Time Required for Surface of Steel Spheres to Cool to Different Temperatures from 875oC in 5% NaOH Water Solution (by French)
Size, inch(m)
Time, sec
700oC
600oC
500oC
400oC
300oC
250oC
200oC
150oC
4.75”
(0.12)
Av-ge
0.040
0.050
0.042
0.043
0.070
0.065
0.062
0.066
0.11
0.08
0.09
0.13
0.12
0.15
0.19
0.18
0.24
0.17
0.23
0.27
0.21
0.28
0.35
0.32
0.29
1.60
1.10
0.78
0.60
0.95
7.15”
(0.18)
0.030
0.060
0.090
0.10
0.16
0.14
0.22
0.34
0.33
0.31
0.47
0.44
0.42
1.90
0.94
1.15
11.25”
(0.286)
0.055
0.54
0.57
0.98
0.73
0.96
1.51
1.04
1.28
2.66
1.70
2.18

9. Delay of Martensite Transformation by Adjusting Pressure
a) is CCT diagram; I – quenching under atmospheric pressure; II - pressure 0.4 MPa; III – pressure 0.7 MPa

10. A possibility of Use SRTP for Intensive Quenching within the Martensitic Range
IQ within the martensitic range
Delay of martensitic transformation

11. Production Batch Type IQ Equipment
IQ system consisting of 6,000-gallon IQ water tank equipped with four props and a atmosphere furnace. 
IQ system consisting of 1,900-gallon water tank and one prop.
IQ system consisting of 11,000-gallon water tank equipped with fsolution Na2(NO)3 our props and atmosphere furnace. 

12. Punch Made of S5 Steel. Service life increased from 2 to 8 times

13. Performance of IQ - 2 Technological Process at Akron Steel Treating Co
Load is exiting the furnace
Load is on the transfer cart
Load is entering the IQ tank.

14. SUMMARY
When film boiling is absent, self – regulated thermal process is established immediately maintaining surface temperature at the level of boiling point of liquid.
Duration of TNBP is directly proportional to squared size of a body and inversely proportional to thermal diffusivity of a material, depends on the configuration, initial temperature, velocity, and thermal properties of system.
On the basis of discovered characteristics high strengthened materials were manufactured by use of intensive quenching IQ-2 method.