1. Misc 1
Continental
Drift
Evidence of
Plate Tectonics
Plate
Movement
Misc. 2
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2. 1. The types of crust, and their respective densities

3. 1A. What are Continental crust, and Oceanic crust
1A. What are Continental crust, and Oceanic crust. Continental crust is less dense than Oceanic crust.?

4. 2. Convergent boundaries can create the following 4 things

5. 2A. What are earthquakes, volcanoes, mountains, trenches
2B. Bonus: What did I skip in this answer? (5th thing that is created)

6. 3. The mountains in island arcs can be simple mountains or scary, highly explosive _________

7. 3A. What are volcanoes?
3B. Why are there volcanoes at these island arcs and also on SOME subduction zone mountains on shore, like near Seattle, and the West Coast of South America?

8. 4. Physical surface features of the land are also known as

9. 4A. What is topography?
4B. What do we call the topographic feature that is an extension of the continental crust under the ocean along many coasts, especially our east coast?

10. 5. The San Andreas Fault is this type of boundary

11. 5A. What is transform?
5B. Where is the fault located and what type of crustal interaction is at the fault?

12. 6. This German scientist proposed a hypothesis in 1912 that the continents were once joined as a single landmass

13. 6A. Who is Alfred Wegener?

14. 7. The most recent ‘supercontinent’ that we believe existed was called ____________ (spelling counts)

15. 7A. What is Pangaea?
7B. Bonus: Approximately when did Pangaea break up?
7C. Double Bonus: What’s the proposed name of the next supercontinent?

16. 8. This is what was missing from Wegener’s continental drift hypothesis, and was a large part of the reason other scientists rejected his idea.

17. 8A. What is a method by which the continents could move around the planet?
8B – Bonus: Wegener’s continental drift hypothesis was changed to this current theory when the mechanism of plate movement was discovered.

18. 9. These were found on the shores of Greenland, which is now in the Arctic Circle, helping to support Wegener’s hypothesis.

19. 9A. What are fossils of tropical plants?

20. 10. This was Wegener’s best evidence for continental drift, showing how the same types of these were in both Brazil and West Africa, as well as both the Appalachian Mountains and the Scottish Highlands

21. 10A. What are the kinds of rocks (and fossils) that make up the continents, and the layers that they are found in?
10B. We also can show that the mountains in Africa, the US, and Eurasia are linked by fossils and rock strata (layers), what are those 3 sets of mountains?

22. 11. Huge underwater mountain ranges found in every ocean

23. 11A. What are mid-ocean ridges?
11B. What type of plate boundary do they represent? What is the crustal interaction at that boundary? Do earthquakes occur there?

24. 12. Rock samples reveal that this age of rocks is closest to the mid-ocean ridge

25. 12A. What are the youngest rocks?
12B. What FORM of rocks are they? (igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary)
12C. What TYPE (name) of rock is most common here?
12D. How old are the oldest oceanic rock layers along our eastern shores?

26. 13. These are the 4 things that we have studied on the laminated maps that work together to give us a full understanding of changes to the earth that are related to tectonic plate movement

27. 13A. What are volcanoes, earthquakes, topography, and geochronology?

28. 14. These are the 2 structures that are found around the Pacific Ocean and are there as a result of subduction of the oceanic plate under the continental plate, thereby providing evidence of tectonic plate movement.

29. 14B. Bonus: Name 2 Island Arcs
14A. What are ocean trenches and the island arcs that pop up along them?
14B. Bonus: Name 2 Island Arcs
14C. Double bonus: Why aren’t the Hawaiian Islands an Island Arc and what are they?

30. 15. At some locations, heated rock rises in plumes or thin columns from the mantle, often developing volcanoes, which can turn into islands if they get big enough to appear above the water. What is the name we give to these spots on the planet?

31. 15A. What are hot spots?
15B. How do hot spots provide evidence for tectonic plate movement?
15C. Name 2 Hot Spots in the United States.

32. 16. This is what is created when hot rock rises, cools, sinks; rises, cools, sinks again…etc.

33. 16A. What is a convection current?

34. 17. This is the speed of convection currents in the aesthenosphere

35. 17A. What is approximately 5 cm/year?
17B - Bonus: What does aesthenosphere mean?
17C - Better bonus: What is the speed of the plates spreading apart at the center of the Atlantic and what type of boundary is it? Crustal interaction?

36. 18. This is the pair of forces, in addition to convection currents in the mantle, that we believe are responsible for plate movement (The definition of a force in middle school is that it is a push or a pull. Hint, hint!)

37. 18A. What are ridge push and slab pull?
18B - Bonus: What powers the ridge push and slab pull?

38. 19. Slab pull occurs when this accelerates the edge of a cool, dense plate into the asthenosphere

39. 19A. What is gravity?
19B. What do we now know is helpful to work in thinning the mantle so that the subducted slab can more easily move toward the lower parts of the mantle?

40. 20. This is what causes the cooler rock to sink, creating a convection current

41. 20A. What is changes in density
20A. What is changes in density? (becomes more dense and denser things will sink)

42. 21. The switching of Earth’s magnetic poles is called this

43. 21A. What is a magnetic reversal?

44. 22. This is how scientists know a magnetic reversal has taken place

45. 22B - Bonus: Are the reversals done on a specific timetable?
22A. What is the magnetic minerals in the sea-floor rock line up with Earth’s magnetic poles in alternating directions?
22B - Bonus: Are the reversals done on a specific timetable?

46. 23. This occurs as continents split apart at a divergent boundary and will create a lake or sea if it sinks below sea level

47. 23A. What is a rift valley?
23B - Bonus: 2 of the many spots on earth where it happens are? (one island nation, one continent)

48. 24. This is how old Continental Crust is

49. 24A. What is roughly 3.8 to 4 billion years old?
24B. How old is the oldest oceanic crust and where can some of it be found?
24C. How old is the earth itself?

50. 25. This is the deepest place in the world’s oceans, (36,000 ft
25. This is the deepest place in the world’s oceans, (36,000 ft.) caused by the Pacific Plate sinking beneath the Philippine Plate

51. 25A. What is the Mariana Trench?
25B. Which Island Arc is along the Mariana Trench?