1. HARDY-WEINBERG and GENETIC EQUILIBRIUM
Turn in Flipbook!
Warm-up 2/19: Make a double bubble comparing and contrasting convergent and divergent evolution.
Make sure to include at a minimum:
Homologous Structures
Embryology
Analogous Structures
Biogeography
Adaptive radiation
Vestigial Structures
Co-evolution
Phenotype
Artificial Selection
Genotype
Environment
Common Ancestor
HARDY-WEINBERG and GENETIC EQUILIBRIUM
Ch pp

2. Variation of Traits in a Population
In a population, organisms tend to show small variations of a trait
Bell Curve – shows that
whereas a few fish are
very short and a few are
very long, most are of
average length.
Variations are caused by mutations, genetic recombination, and random-pairing of alleles

3. The Gene Pool
A population is the smallest level evolution can work on, changing the genetic composition of the population over time.
Gene Pool = the total genetic material available in a population
Adapting to new selection factors can only use existing genes found in the population
Allele Frequency = the number of a certain allele in the population / the total number of all alleles
The phenotype frequencies can change between generations but allele frequencies that create the phenotypes generally do not change very much between generations

4. The Gene Pool Gene Pool- genetic variation stored in population
Each allele exists at a certain frequency - gene frequency

5. Hardy-Weinberg Genetic Equilibrium
States that genotype frequencies remain the same from generation to generation unless acted upon by an outside influence
Keep in mind this is theoretical!!! These rules generally allow us to determine the source of a population’s change
Makes the following assumptions for a theoretical non-evolving population:
1) No Net Mutations – alleles remain the same
2) Individuals neither enter nor leave the population – no immigration/emigration
3) Large population – ideally infinitely large
4) Random mating
5) Selection does NOT occur – no natural or artificial selection at work

6. Vocab & HW Read p317-320 Do p320 #1-5 Both Due Wed.
Superposition
Biogeography
Phylogeny/ phylogenic tree
Adaptive Radiation
Allele frequency
Gene pool
Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium