1. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
A T&C LOSSES
And
TRANSFORMER FAILURE

2. PERCENTAGE OF AT&C LOSSES (2011-12)

3. PERCENTAGE OF AT&C LOSSES (2012-13)

4. WHO ARE EFFECTED BY HIGH ATC LOSSES ?
Stakeholders
DISCOM
Government
Financiers and Bankers
Consumers: Industrial / Domestic / Rural / Others
Manufacturers and Equipment Suppliers
Employees
All Others

5. MAJOR TECHNICAL LOSSES
Transmission from Receiving end to Customer Point.
Conversion or Transformation Losses.
Unbalanced Loads.
Power Factor less.
Other Factors like:- less maintenances, leakages, poor/ bad connection etc.

6. COMMERCIAL LOSSES Unmetered Supply.
Fixed Rate supply but power drawn in excess.
Improper Meter Reading.
THEFT
Tapping of Lines.
Commando operation.
Direct connection after original connection cut .
Burning of Meters.

7. HOW DOES OVERLOADING IMPACT TRANSFORMERS
Because of overloading, current rises the heat. Over heating of insulation is a big failure of transformers.
When a transformer is overloaded, it draws higher KVA which means a higher current.
For instance, a 16 KVA single phase transformer draws 64 Amp at full load of 16 KVA and will consume load losses of 180 Watts as per Level 2. But at a 150% of the rated load, the current drawn shall be 96 Watts, and the Copper Losses shall become (180x1.5x1.5= 405 Watts). 

8. HOW DOES OVERLOADING IMPACT TRANSFORMERS
The inter-layer insulation between the coil layers, the press board inside the core coil Assembly, the oil as well as all other active or inactive parts which are made of organic material start deteriorating and decomposing because of heat.
The life of a transformer gets reduced considerably, even if it is overloaded for short periods.

9. HOW DOES OVERLOADING IMPACT TRANSFORMERS
But when it is frequently or continuously overloaded, the heat weakens the insulation rapidly. Ultimately the insulation will completely give a way at some point, creating short circuit conditions, and then the connection will snap.
The transformer shall be reckoned as BURNT.

10. BURNT TRANSFORMER

11. HOW DOES OVERLOADING IMPACT TRANSFORMERS
The temperature inside the tank well above the ambient temperature.
These higher temperatures increase the RESISTANCE of the conductor inside the coils. The formula for copper conductor resistance is given as : R= (235+T divided by 235) x Row. Where Row is a constant for the cross section of the conductor at Zero degree centigrade.

12. POWER THEFT
We know that in Industrial Areas such as Sitapura Industrial Area, Jaipur, or in Vishwakarma Industrial Area, Jaipur, Billing is close to 100%. Transformer Failures are close to NIL in these areas. In Urban areas it has been observed that Transformer Failures and ATC Losses in many areas are negligible.

13. IDENTIFICATION OF HIGH ATC LOSSES
We can certainly identify some CIRCLES which are showing High ATC Losses. From there, we can identify Sub Divisions which have High ATC Losses.
Within such a Sub Division, it would be relatively simple to identify the Feeders where a large percentage of Transformer Failures are being observed. A closer scrutiny will confirm that the ATC Losses for the subject Feeder are also high.

14. FLOW CHART OF POWER THEFT
OVERLOADING OF TRANSFORMERS
HEAVY ATC LOSSES
HEAVY TRANSFORMERS FAILURE
FURTHER OVERLOADING OF TRANSFORMERS
MORE FAILURES
MORE ATC LOSSES
DISTRUPTION FOR HONEST CONSUMERS
DIS-SATIFACTION
PUBLIC
MEANS :- PUBLIC APPROVAL OF POWER THEFT

15. FLOW CHART OF OVER LOADING OF TRANSFORMERS
OVER LOADING OF TRANSFOMERS
CAUSES HEAVY TRANSFORMER FAILURES
DEMAND FOR LONGER WARRANTY, (FROM 1 YEAR TO 2 YEAR AND NOW 5 YEARS
CTL, BIS, BEE, TYPE TESTING BUT FAILURE CONTINUES
BURNT TRANSFORMER SENT TO MANUFACTURE FOR FUTHER REPAIR
BUT ACTUAL CAUSES OF FAILURE NOT INVESTIGATED
ACTUAL CAUSES OF FAILURE BEING POWER THEFT IS NOT ISOLATED OR TRACKED
HUGE ATC LOSSES IN THOUSAND OF CRORES