1. PRENATAL TESTING, INC. New Employee Training Day
“We serve you and your chromosomes”
New Employee Training Day

2. Prenatal testing:
Pre= before, natal= birth
Testing a baby’s chromosomes before birth to see if it will be born with any abnormalities

3. Why do tests? Our MISSION.
To make sure the baby is healthy
To check for genetic disorders

4. How do perform prenatal tests?
Amniocentesis
1. Draw amniotic fluid
2. Put amniotic fluid in a test tube.

5. How do perform prenatal tests?
Amniocentesis
3. Observe through a microscope

6. Karyotype:
A picture is taken of a person’s chromosomes – a karyotype

7. Karyotype:

8. Karyotype:
An organized picture showing all of a person’s chromosomes

9. Why do tests? Will be 35 or older when they deliver.
Doctors generally offer prenatal tests to women with an increased risk of having a baby with particular disorders, including those who:
Will be 35 or older when they deliver.
Have a close relative with a disorder.
Had a previous pregnancy or baby affected by a disorder.
Have test results that may indicate an abnormality.

10. As a trainee, you will answer complete the training questions.
Show me your completed sheet and get your stamp and Certificate.
As a doctor, you will analyze four actual babies’ karyotypes.
Get your stamp.

11. Karyotype Animation

12. Do not copy the questions!
Dispatch pg 92
Do not copy the questions!
What 2 chromosomes determine whether you are a male or female?
Is the karyotype on the right from a female or male? Explain.
How many chromosomes does a normal person have?
What is not normal about the chromosomes of someone with Down Syndrome?

13. Be sensitive!
You may look away if some pictures are too uncomfortable

14. Down Syndrome or Trisonomy 21

15. Down Syndrome

17. Turner Syndrome

18. Turner Syndrome

20. Kleinfelter’s Syndrome

21. Kleinfelter’s Syndrome

22. Kleinfelter’s Syndrome
TWIN BROTHERS

23. Other Chromosomal Abnormalities

24. Cri du Chat Syndrome

25. Cri du Chat Syndrome

26. Cri du Chat Syndrome

28. Patau Syndrome (Trisomy 13)

31. Trisonomy 13

33. Trisonomy 18

35. Do not copy the questions!
Dispatch 11/20 & 11/21 p. 74
Do not copy the questions!
What chromosome controls the development of male sex organs?
Is the karyotype on the right from a female or male? Explain.
What abnormality does this individual have? Explain.
What do you think causes these chromosomal abnormalities?

36. Meiosis
p. 72

37. Somatic Cells:
body cells
Ex.
Made by mitosis (PMAT)
Gametes:
reproductive cells

38. Diploid:
Having 2 copies of each chromosome (2n)
Somatic cells are diploid
Human diploid number is _____
What are the cells in your body that are diploid?
Are gametes diploid? Why or why not?
How many chromosomes does a sperm and egg have?
Haploid:
Having only 1 copy of each chromosome (n)
Gamete cells are haploid
Human haploid number is _____
What are the cells in your body that are haploid?

39. Copy and fill in the chart below.
Organism
Diploid # (in somatic cells)
Haploid # (in gametes)
Cat
Rose
Goat
Rice
Dog
Potatoes
Organism
Diploid # (in somatic cells)
Haploid # (in gametes)
Cat 19
Rose 12
Goat 30
Rice 24
Dog 39
Potatoes 48

41. A pair of chromosomes, 1 from mom and 1 from dad
Homologous pair:
A pair of chromosomes, 1 from mom and 1 from dad
Contain the same genes (ex. eye color gene)
But may contain different information (ex. brown eyes and blue eyes)
Eye color gene

42. Mitosis:
The process of making diploid somatic cells
It happens ________________
Meiosis:
The special process of making haploid gametes
It happens in the ______________ & ______________
Do you do mitosis?
Do you do meiosis?

43. DNA, Chromosomes, and Genes Notes
A small piece of DNA that has info for 1 trait
Chromosome-
Large pieces of DNA that contain many genes
Centromere
Sister Chromatid
Nucleus
Depending on the age of the cell, a chromosome can be single or have 2 sister chromatids.
Cell membrane