1. JOB PRODUCTION
One job is done at a time from start to completion before another ‘job’ is started
One product is made at a time
Eg house building, bridge construction, designer clothing
Typical in smaller businesses which rely on individuality to sell their products
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2. JOB PRODUCTION ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Easy to organise staff
Production costs are likely to be high as there are fewer economies of scale
One-off orders can be easily accommodated
Production time longer as individual needs have to be met
Workers involved in entire production so they can see the end results
Capital investment is higher since specialist machinery may be required
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3. BATCH PRODUCTION
Involves all stages of production process being completed at the same time
Products may be similar although different ingredients may be used for different products
Found in the food business eg tinned foods (beans) but also construction (row of houses)
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4. BATCH PRODUCTION ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Allows flexible production
Production runs of small batches are expensive to produce
Stocks of partly finished goods can be stock piled and completed later, allowing a quick response to new orders
If production runs are different from each other there may be extra costs and time delays in setting up different equipment
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5. FLOW PRODUCTION Common in a factory with a production line
Product flows through various stages with parts being added at each stage
Common in almost all stages of mass production where a standard product is being produced
Continuous output of the same product
Examples are car production and magazine printing
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6. FLOW PRODUCTION ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Economies of Scale
Standard products may not suit all customers
Automated production lines save time and money
High costs to set up automated production lines
Quality checking can be built into production
Work can be repetitive and boring for workers
If production runs are high, toO much may be produced
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