1. Nutritional/Metabolic Problems in Sheep

2. Young Lambs Enterotoxemia Symptoms Clostridium perfringens type C
Sudden death in 7-21 day old lambs

3. Young Lambs....continued Prevention
Booster dams in late gestation
Vaccinate lambs at 21 days and weaning
Orphan vaccination
Maximum colostrum intake
Misdiagnosed-selenium/Vit. E deficiency

4. Goiter Symptoms Enlarged thyroid Poor wool coat at birth
Low vigor/survival
Stillbirths

5. Goiter.....continued Prevention New NRC increased iodine levels .8PPM
Iodized salt
Compensate for goitergens (kale, brassicas, etc.)
New NRC increased iodine levels
.8PPM
further increased with cold temps

6. Finishing Lambs Enterotoxemia/Overeating Symptoms Best doing lambs
Uncoordinated movement
neurological
Rapid death

7. Finishing Lambs...continued
Prevention
Vaccination - toxoid
Bunk management
Gradual ration changes
Antibiotics
Misdiagnosed-polio and
Vit. E/Se deficiency, pneumonia

8. Urinary Calculi •Wether lambs and stud rams
•Several types-phosphate, calcium, silica
•Problem-concentrates are low in calcium and high
in phosphorous

9. Urinary Calculi...continued
•Prevention
Water intake
Salt
Ammonium chloride or sulfate
Add calcium to achieve 1.5:1
ratio to phosphorous
Never add phosphorous to lamb rations if corn is primary energy source

10. White Muscle/Stiff Lamb Disease
Symptoms
Stiff rear legs and arched back
Sudden death
Aspiration Pneumonia
Poor suckling reflex

11. White Muscle/Stiff Lamb Disease...continued
Cause
Deficiency of Vit. E and/or Selenium
Note: Selenium is toxic but Vitamin E is not
it is also cheap
High grain rations reduce Vit. E activity
Newborns only source of E is milk

12. Results - Serum E ewes Con E-G E-L E-GL Pretreatment 1.27 1.26
Pre-lambing a 1.91b
Post-lambinga a 1.13b
Mid-lactation .97a .95a 1.28b 1.37b
Milk e at 3 days
a,b Row means with different superscripts differ (p<.05).

13. Results - Serum E lambs Con E-G E-L E-GL 3 days 1.08 1.08

14. Rectal Prolapse Prevention Longer tail docking Less dusty feed
Prevent pneumonia
Shearing
Feed some long fiber
Bedding, space and ventilation

15. Polioencephalomacia Thiamine deficiency Prevention
Maintain rumen health
Gradual ration changes
Feed some long fiber
Sulfur intake w/ ddgs

16. Copper Toxicosis Breed Susceptibility Suffolk and Texel
Mineral interactions-Mo & Su,
along with high Zn & Ca
Normal copper, low molybdenum

17. Copper Toxicosis...continued
Prevention
Sheep specific feeds
No additional copper
Feed some Mo
CU & MO are both toxic
CU:MO ratio 6-1 up to 10-1

18. Copper BMPS Sample feed deliveries
Monitor feed delivery for appearance and texture
Label sample
Date, amount, what it was fed to, freeze, store six months
Read mineral tag
look for sodium molybdate

19. Sheep Mineral, Kansas GUARANTEED ANALYSIS
Calcium 7% Phos. 5% Salt 45% Sulfur 1% Magnesium 1% Zinc 150 PPM short Iodine 125 PPM okay Cobalt 150 PPM okay Selenium 10 PPM super, super short
Better mineral
Calcium not needed with
Phosphorous not needed with
High salt equals lower intake levels ++
DGM:ISU:2012

20. T.M. SALT w/ Selenium T.M. Salt for sheep GUARANTEED ANALYSIS
Salt, min %
Salt, max %
Zinc, min 0.60% PPM
Magnesium, min 0.52% PPM
Manganese, min 0.25% PPM
Iron, min 0.25% PPM
Iodine, min % PPM (was short)
Cobalt, min % PPM
Selenium 90 PPM % max.
PPM = mg/kg move decimal four places
DGM:ISU:2012

21. INGREDIENTS
Salt, Vegetable Oil, Calcium Sulfate, Magnesium Oxide, Zinc Oxide, Ferrous Sulfate, Manganese Sulfate, Sodium Selenite, Cobalt Carbonate, Ethylenediamine Dihydroiodide, Sodium Molybdate.
DGM:ISU:2012

22. Pregnancy Toxemia
Cause - Excess fat catabolism and ketone accumulation
Prevention
Over conditioned ewes
Increased conc. feeding LG
Fetal scans
Pre-lambing shearing

23. Pregnancy Toxemia...continued
Treatment
Propylene glycol
Induced parturition
Glucose source and CMPK therapy
Severe cases usually do not recover

24. Grass Tetany Hypomagnesia Cause: excess potassium
Lactating ewes on lush, spring pasture
N fertilization increases risks

25. Grass Tetany...continued
Magnesium oxide in mineral
poor palatibility.
Sudden death-confirmation by necropsy
Stress induced

26. Milk Fever Ewes vs. Dairy Cows Cause Calcium deficiency ??
Stress induced
DCAB
Also P, Mg short
Vitamin D ????

27. MIlk Fever...continued Late gestation ewes carrying triplets Symptoms
Depressed, lethargic, recumbent
similar to ketosis, cold ears
Treatment
Calcium gluconate
Rapid response

28. Wool Pulling Cause Inadequate dry matter intake
Small particle size, effective fiber
Low phosphorous intake
Starvation

30. Wool Pulling...continued
Prevention
Maximum 50% concentration ration
Improved feeding technique
Offer some low quality, long forage
Evaluate phosphorous level

31. Vaginal Prolapses Causes Overfeeding roughage Genetics Short docks
Fat ewes

32. Vaginal Prolapses...continued
Prevention
Feed higher quality roughage in LG
Restrict roughage intake esp. for ewe lambs
Adequate bunk space
Prevent obesity in ewes

33. Listeria

34. BMP, listeria
Corn silage feed adequate amounts correctly stored and harvested Dirt Tub grinder Rotten feed-Feedlot

35. Summary
Common sense eliminates most disorders Shepherd mistakes creates a lot of the disorders Seek advice if not sure of what you are doing