1. List three (3) differences between 9th and 12th graders.
Do Now
List three (3) differences between 9th and 12th graders.

2. How do we use the Scientific Method in Psychological Research?
Statement of expected results
Hypothesis:
Subjects chosen
Subjects divided up
(get the experiment)
Experimental Group
(do not get the experiment)
Control Group
Variables: Factors that change in an experiment

3. How to tell the difference between variables
Independent Variable IF
A request is made by a person in a uniform
Dependent Variable
THEN
More people will reply to this request

4. What is the experimental group?
Group on which critical part of experiment is performed
This group gets the real sleeping pills

5. What is the Control Group?
Consists of subjects who are just like the experimental group except will not participate in the study
This group will not receive a placebo
Placebo is a medicine that has no active ingredients and works by power of suggestion

6. Something that could skew results Experimental Subjects removed
What is a Control?
Examples: Subject with cold, on medication, or any other issue that could cause the results to be effected
Something that could skew results
Experimental Subjects removed

7. (The variable the experimenter changes)
Do Sleeping Pills Work?
2 sleeping pills help people with insomnia
Hypothesis
What results from the experimenter manipulating the independent variable
Ex. Better sleep, less sleep, etc.
Dependent Variable
Two groups of people in similar health, same age, similar sleep issues
Subjects
Removal of factors that may prove hypothesis – but would alter results.
Older people, people with colds, on other medication, etc.
Control
Independent Variable
(The variable the experimenter changes)
Experimenter gives one group real sleeping pills and one group placebos

8. What is a double-blind study?
Subject
Patient’s expectations
Wondering which group gets real drug
Researcher
Researcher interprets results
Knowing who got the real drug can impact objectivity
Accurate Results
Patient doesn’t know
Researcher doesn’t know

9. Variable Song

10. Naturalistic Observation
Choose a group
Try to observe at least twice
Take notes on observations (can be on back of activity sheet)
Answer questions on sheet
Statement of Expected Results (Hypothesis) – what did you think would happen? Did it?

11. Do Now: If you were to do a research study on the impact of texting…
Who would you choose to study?
How would you select your groups?
What would you use to gather results?
What “impact” are you looking for?

12. The American Psychological Association 1992
Subjects must have right to decline/withdraw participation
Openness and honesty (disclose as soon as possible afterwards if this would skew results)
Information obtained must remain confidential
Experimenter has duty to assess any potential risks, and inform subject – correct/remove undesirable consequences

13. What are Ethics? You will see many studies that used:
Deception, deliberate creation of anxiety in subjects
Studies justified on grounds that:
We are seeking more information about human beings
More knowledge = the more people can be helped
Problems in history of psychological research:
Stanley Milgram Experiment *video clip
Stanford Prison Experiment * video clip
Little Albert

14. What bothers you the most about students in the high school
What bothers you the most about students in the high school? Why do they do it? How would you conduct a research study to prove this is a problem?
Do Now:

15. Naturalistic Observation
Observe in natural environment
No subject feedback
Pro
Con
Longitudinal Study
Gathers information over a subject’s life
Expensive to undertake and keep track of subjects

16. Pro Con Lab Experiment Research completely objective
Artificial Setting
Pro
Con
Field Setting
More realistic than Lab setting
Difficult to control variables

17. Cross Sectional Studies
Random sample of population
May not truly measure generational issues
Pro
Con
Case Study
Detailed information
Very detailed, no comparisons

18. Pro Con Survey Quick way to gather a lot of information
Questions can be misunderstood
Pro
Con
Interview
One on one information
Subject can be less than truthful – interpretation issues

19. Summary Scientific Method is used in Psychology experiments
Dependent Variable: Result of Experiment
Hypothesis: statement of expected results. Can be proved or disproved through observation and experimentation
Placebo: medicine with no active ingredients – works by power of suggestion
Double Blind Study: Experiment with neither the subject nor researcher knowing who has the placebo – removes expectations that can skew results
Experimental Group: Group participating in experiment
Control Group: Group not participating in the experiment
Ethics: Guidelines for Psychological Experiments – results must outweigh risks.
Control: removal of subjects that could skew results
Variables: factors introduced or resulting from experiment
There are many types of psychological studies – each has their pros and cons.
Independent Variable: Variable controlled by Researcher

20. Summary Types of Research Studies Field Studies Lab Experiments
Naturalistic Observation
Case Studies
Surveys
Longitudinal
Cross Sectional Studies
Interviews.

21. Do Now: Quick Quiz
1. What is a hypothesis? 2. What part of an experiment is the Independent Variable? 3. What part is the Dependent Variable? 4. What is the experimental group? 5. What is a control group? *Bonus: What is a placebo?