1. ITM 352 HTML Forms, Basic Form Processing

2. Some Inspiration! Perseverance: never giving up
Indomitable Spirit: never wanting to give up
Perseverance + Indomitable Spirit = Success
On Indomitable Spirit:
"Try not. Do, or do not. There is no try." – Yoda
“If can can. If no can, STILL can” – Hawaiian wisdom

3. What We Will Cover Today
Today we will explore HTML forms in some detail:
Details on <FORM>
Input types
Compound types
Some tips for HTML form elements

4. Form Parts <form action = 'xxx' method = 'yyy'>
<form stuff goes here>
</form>
action is the file you want to go to (could be html or php)
method should be either POST or GET

5. Action
An action should be a URI (e.g. a file name in the current folder) or a full web address, e.g.
Example:
<form action = 'invoice.php'> …
</form>
This will take the user to the invoice.php page in the current directory when the user presses the submit button.
Note: You should always use quotes around the URI in case it has special characters or spaces.

6. Method The method can be either 'POST' or 'GET'.
$_GET and $_POST are arrays built into PHP which make form processing a lot easier.
Form variables are stored as keys (elements) of these arrays, indexed by their name
To see what is in the array just do a var_dump() e.g. var_dump($_GET);
TIP: put var_dump()at the top of form processing files so you can see what is sent from the form

7. Submit Button
Usually you need to have a submit button to invoke a form's action, e.g.:
<input type = 'SUBMIT'
name = 'the name you want to appear in the POST/GET array'
value = 'the label in the button '
>

8. Example: Login <form action ='invoice.php' method = 'POST'>
<input type = 'SUBMIT' name = 'submit_button' value = 'Login'>
</form>

9. Input types (single value)
A generic input type looks like this:
<input type = '<type>'
name = '<the name in the POST/GET array>'
value = '<the value you want to set it to>'
>

10. The Basic Input Types
Text
Password
Hidden
Radio
Checkbox
Submit

11. Login <?php print "logged in " . $_POST['username']; ?>
<form action = 'process_login.php' method = 'post'>
<input type = 'text' name = 'username'>
<input type = 'password' name = 'password'>
<input type = 'submit' name = 'submit_button' value = 'login'>
</form>

12. Self-Processing Form
Sometimes you want to stay on the same page when processing your forms
<form action = '<?= $_SERVER["PHP_SELF"]?>' method = 'post'>
</form>
is the same as:
<form action = '<?php $_SERVER["PHP_SELF"] ?>'method = 'post'>
<?= is short for echo when embedding PHP in HTML
You can use $PHP_SELF or $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']

13. Login if( array_key_exists('submit_button', $_POST) ) {
print "logged in " . $_POST['username']; }
else {
?>
<form action = '<?php $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] ?>' method = 'post'>
<input type = 'text' name = 'username'>
<input type = 'password' name = 'password'>
<input type = 'submit' name = 'submit_button' value = 'login'>
</form>
<?php } ?>

14. GET method <form method = 'get'> … </form>
GET will show the information being passed between pages as part of the URL.
Good tool for error checking
However, it is not secure because users can see the full contents of the request.
Pages can be cached.

15. POST method <form method = 'post'> … </form>
POST will hide information being passed between pages in the address bar.
HINT: use GET for error checking; change to POST when submitting your work
More secure than GET
Pages won't be cached.

16. Compound Types Select Text area List box
Compound types enable multiple inputs and/or outputs
Unlike input types, compound types always use a begin and end tag
<select name='a_select_box'> … </select>

17. Login if( array_key_exists('submit_button', $_POST) ) {
print "logged in " . $_POST['username']; }
else {
?>
<form action = '<?php $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] ?>'
method = 'post'>
<select name='username'>
<option>Moe</option>
<option>Larry</option>
<option>Curly</option>
</select>
<input type = 'password' name = 'password'>
<input type = 'submit' name = 'submit_button'
value = 'login'>
</form>
<?php } ?>

18. Select Boxes
Select boxes (aka combo boxes, aka drop-down lists) provide a set of options for the user to choose from.
Value is whatever the user chooses when the submit button is pressed
If no value parameter is set, the value defaults to the label
<SELECT name="a_select_box"> <OPTION value="value_of_thing1">thing1</OPTION> <OPTION value="value_of_thing2">thing2</OPTION> <OPTION value="value_of_thing3">thing3</OPTION> </SELECT>

19. Text Area
Text Area provide a region of size row X cols to display and input text.
Value is whatever is in the area when the submit button is pressed
<TEXTAREA name="text_box" rows="20" cols="40">
This is some text in the text area.
</TEXTAREA>

20. List Boxes List boxes can be single-select or multiple-select.
Example: <select name="listbox" size="3"> <option value="New York" selected>New York</option> <option value="Tokyo">Tokyo</option> <option value="Chicago">Chicago</option> <option value="Detroit">Detroit</option> <option value="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</option> </select>
To make it multiple-select add the parameter multiple="multiple" to the <select> tag

21. Tips and Hints
Use single ' ' on the inside, " " around the outside or vice versa
Take advantage of PHP by using for/while/foreach to generate multiple form elements and compound types
Quotes must be used around anything with spaces