1. Study of organisms too small to be seen without a microscope
What is microbiology?
Study of organisms too small to be seen without a microscope

2. ARCHEABACTERIA

3. BACTERIA

4. PROTISTA (subject to change)

5. FUNGI (MYCETEAE)

6. PLANTAE

7. ANIMALIAE

8. Viruses are NOT living, but virology is part of microbiology.

9. Classification Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family
Genus + species

10. Scientific names Use italics
After first use, it is okay to use a letter to represent genus (unless you are beginning a sentence)
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus aureus

11. Why care about microbes?
First life
Necessary for life on Earth
Valuable tools for research and industry
Food and drink preparation
Disease in humans, plants, & other animals
Increased knowledge
bioremediation

12. Areas of research/clinical application
Epidemiology
Health Care
Immunology
Agricultural microbiology
Biotech
Industrial microbiology
Genetic Engineering
Environmental microbiology
Pharmaceutical microbiology

13. Scientific Method Ask a question Formulate hypotheses
null
alternative
Test hypotheses (carefully)
Statistics
Interpretation
Reporting

14. A LITTLE CHEMISTRY

15. ELEMENTS

16. TYPES OF BONDS

17. Ionic bonds

18. Covalent bonds Polar

19. Covalent bonds Non Polar

21. Hydrogen bonds

22. pH

23. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

24. LIPIDS Characteristics
Mostly C & H, not soluble in water, uses include storage (energy), support, part of cell membranes
Building blocks
Vary depending on type
Triglycerides have glycerol head + 3 fatty acids
Types
Triglycerides, phospholipids, steriods, waxes etc.

26. CARBOHYDRATES General characteristics
Composed mostly of C,H, and O, uses include energy storage and as parts of various structures (e.g. cell walls)
Building blocks
monosaccharides or simple sugars
Types
monosaccharides e.g., glucose
disaccharides e.g., sucrose
polysaccharides e.g., starch

28. Disaccharides

29. Polysaccharides

30. PROTEINS
Characteristics- composed of C,H,O, N, and some with S, uses include as structures, recognition, endocrine, muscle contraction etc.
Building blocks amino acids
Structural levels
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary

31. Structural levels

32. NUCLEIC ACIDS Characteristics: nucleic acids contain C,H, O, N, and P
Building blocksare nucleotides (composed of a nitrogenous base, sugar and phosphate group.
Types
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid is the heritable material that codes for proteins. It exists as a double helix
RNA (ribonucleic acid) is the compound that takes the information from DNA for the formation of proteins. It is usually single stranded.

33. DNA

34. RNA

35. Prokaryotes Archeabacteria and Bacteria Unicellular
Smaller in general than eukaryotes
Membrane bound organelles - absent
Reproduction - asexual
DNA - circular
Proteins assoc. with DNA - Basic
Ribosomes - 70S subunit

36. Eukaryotes Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals
Mostly Multicellular except protists
Larger in general than prokaryotes
Membrane bound organelles-present
Reproduction – asexual & sexual
DNA - linear
Proteins assoc. with DNA - Histone
Ribosomes - 80S subunit

37. Eukaryotic Cell

38. Cell Membrane Cell membrane Structure Components Arrangement
Functions include
Barrier
Transport (know diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion and active transport)
Recognition (e.g., self vs. non-self)
Reception (for protein hormones)
Adhesion

39. Cell membrane

40. Nucleus Structure and Function
membrane similar to cell membrane (similar function)
Nucleolus (formation of ribosomes)
Chromosomes (gene expression)
Nucleoplasm (matrix)

42. Ribosomes Structure Function
rRNA
Proteins
Function
Site of protein formation (translation)
Found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes (different structurally)

44. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Structure membranous system of tunnels and sacs
Rough – with ribosomes on surface
Smooth- no ribosomes on surface
Function
Rough – protein synthesis
Smooth- lipid synthesis

46. Golgi Apparatus
Structure also membranous, kind of like a stack of pancakes
Function processing of lipids and proteins

48. Lysosomes Structure membrane bound sac containing hydrolytic enzymes
Function digestion

50. Mitochondria Structure – cigar-shaped, double membrane-bound organelle
Function – Energy transfer by ATP synthesis

52. Chloroplast Structure Function
Also cigar or spindle shaped, double membrane-bound, green
Function
Site of photosynthesis

54. OTHER STUCTURES Cell walls, not in animal cells Vacuoles Cytoskeleton
Cytoplasm

55. PROKARYOTIC CELLS

56. Arrangements of flagella Fimbriae Pili
APPENDAGES
Flagellum
Arrangements of flagella
Fimbriae
Pili

61. GRAM STAIN
A differential stain for most bacteria

64. SPORES
Some bacteria produce spores that allow them to survive during adverse conditions

66. SHAPES AND ARRANGEMENTS

67. METABOLISM
FOR THIS SECTION I WILL BE USING THE OVERHEAD SO THAT I CAN GO OVER INFORMATION AS I WRITE IT DOWN