1. Carlos Eduardo Trivino Oracle Certified Associate
Database Administrator

2. Internet Platform Object Relational Relational Internet
Where we come from
Internet Platform
Object Relational
Relational
Internet

3. Introducing

4. Oracle Database 10g: A Revolution in Database Technology

5. Oracle: #1 Database Vendor in 2004
Who is #1 in databases?
Oracle: #1 Database Vendor in 2004
The above numbers include revenues from all databases: Pre-Relational, Relational, Object,, and End-User. The relational segment accounts for 84% of total revenues.
IDC: WW Enterprise Database Management Systems Software Competitive Analysis, 2003: 2002 Shares and Current Outlook. July 2003.
(Includes License
& Maintenance)
Source: IDC, July 2004

6. Oracle Database 10g Goals
Half the Cost
Highest Quality of Service
Highest Availability, Reliability, Security
Highest Performance, Scalability
Easiest to Manage
Cut hardware cost by …
Cut software cost by …
Cut labor cost by one-half to one-tenth

7. Problem: Islands of Computation
Limited scalability, no resource sharing
Must be configured for peak loads
Single point of failure
Slow to adjust to business needs
Sales HR
Files
The ad hoc infrastructure built up by IT over the years has created islands of computation. Each enterprise application has its own dedicated server and storage. As application demands fluctuate over time, one server can be at maximum usage while another server is sitting idle. To combat this, customers purchase extra server and storage capacity to meet peak demand. The HW is sized for the peak load of a particular application, which usually means one applications HW may be minimally used while another applications HW is maxed out. In fact, Giga Research says that the industry average for server utilization is about 30%. So that mean a lot of wasted capacity. And it’s not just the hardware. Software and labor cost more since they also must be configured for peak loads. Hardware (21%), software (24%) and system administrator/DBA labor (40%) consume 85% of the typical IT budget.
And there is no inherent scalability here. That’s b/c with a large SMP box, when companies reach the capacity of their server, they need to purchase an entirely new larger SMP box to run their application.
And then from an availability standpoint, running apps on an SMP box, means a single point of failure (as we can see from the supply chain example here), unless companies have a backup hardware in place. So, uptime or availability is often far less than optimal is these distributed environments. Security also suffers because every system must maintain its own secure infrastructure. The individual islands inevitably result in multiple passwords, inconsistent security policies and varying levels of security management expertise across the systems.
[Click to next slide…]
Procurement
Service
Supply
Chain
Financials

8. Grid Computing Eliminates Islands of Computation
Coordinated use of many small servers acting as one large computer.
IT Problem
Grid Solution
Separate servers
High h/w & s/w costs
Configured for peak
Single point of failure
Hard to change
Difficult to manage
Shared servers
Low cost components
Capacity on demand
Fault tolerant
Flexible
Unified management
Grid computing is a new computing architecture that addresses this problem. Grid computing is defined as the coordinated use of many small servers acting as one large computer to run standard enterprise applications. Grid computing has many advantages:
While existing infrastructure has islands of servers, an enterprise grid groups resources together and shares those resources among applications.
Existing infrastructure have high cost hardware and software due to complexity and inefficiency. A grid can be built using off-the-shelf, low cost components such as Intel blade servers, the Linux operating system, and modular storage. the biggest reason why the software cost goes down is that the hardware utilization (per CPU) goes up.
Existing infrastructure can be difficult to reconfigure as workloads, particularly peak loads, change. With a grid, resources can be allocated as needed for changing workloads.
Existing infrastructure is difficult to manage because each system is unique. With an enterprise grid, all systems are standardized and managed as one resource.

9. Complete, integrated grid infrastructure
Introducing Oracle 10g
Introducing Oracle 10g, Oracle’s next generation of infrastructure software. Oracle 10g consists of two primary products – Oracle Application Server 10g and Oracle Database 10g.
Complete, integrated grid infrastructure

10. Oracle Grid Computing Low cost Highest quality of service
Storage Grid
Database Grid
Application Server
Grid
Control
Low cost
Highest quality of service
Rapidly adjusts to meet business needs
Unified management
Oracle has created a grid computing infrastructure software that balances all types of workloads across servers, and enables all those servers to be managed as one complete system.
Grid computing can achieve the same very high level of reliability as a mainframe because all components are clustered. But unlike mainframes and large UNIX SMP servers, a grid can be built with open systems technologies such as Intel processors and the Linux operating system so it’s very low cost.

11. Grid Computing Defined
Coordinated use of
many small servers acting
as one large computer.

12. Example: In December Order Entry maxes out processing orders
Financials is idling below capacity
Order Entry
Financials

13. Example: In January Order Entry drops off from season high
Financials maxes out on year end close
Order Entry
Financials

14. Grid Fault Tolerance
Database App. Server Total
Failover Detection Recovery Time
Oracle9i
Oracle 10g
secs
minutes
minutes
< 8 secs
< 4 secs
< 12 secs
Oracle9i does have mid-tier server failure notification, but it is not integrated into the iAS jdbc connection pooling as in 10i. 9i java app servers detect server failure via a tcp/ip timeout which is typically around minutes (user configureable).
Re-establish database connections faster with Oracle 10g infrastructure.

15. 10g Performance Metrics PLSQL up to 2x Table Scans up to 2x
SQL Profile Tuning huge
Floating point math up to 10x
Bulk LOB Update up to 3x
Import up to 15x
Export up to 35%
Incremental backup up 10x
Parallel media recovery 2-4x
Backup compression 17x
Infiniband interconnect ½ latency, 2x block transfer
TPC-C
Best absolute and best on 4-way Intel
+28% on same hardware
Bulk LOB Update up to 3x faster
Up to 10x less shared memory usage for querying highy partitioned objects (e.g. a table having thousands of partitions).
Improved scalability and performance of operations on objects with very large number of partitions, due to better memory usage. For example, we have tests showing more than 55% improvement in elapsed time from 9i to 10g for dropping a table with 21,504 partitions (Lineitem table from TPC-H schema, using composite range-hash partitioning)
Partition-aware Materialized Views fast refresh:  performance of PCT refresh is enhanced using functional dependencies and query rewrite. We can provide incremental refresh due to changes in the partitioning schemes in the underlying table where it was not possible with 9i.  In some cases, we see 46% improvement in elapsed time compared to 9i.
Between 40% and 60% for single table scans with simple predicates or no predicates.  For example, select count(*) from table would improve by about 40% CPU-wise

16. Business Challenge – How to Scale DBA’s to the Grid ?
Installation 6%
Creation & Configuration 12 %
Others
15%
Software Maintenance 6%
Data Loading 6%
Ongoing System Management 55%
Source: IOUG 2001 DBA Survey

17. 10g initialization parameters
“Basic” parameters:
CLUSTER_DATABASE
COMPATIBLE
CONTROL_FILES
DB_BLOCK_SIZE
DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST
DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_n
DB_DOMAIN
DB_NAME
DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST_SIZE
DB_UNIQUE_NAME
INSTANCE_NUMBER
JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_n
NLS_LANGUAGE, NLS_TERRITORY
OPEN_CURSORS
PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET
PROCESSES
REMOTE_LISTENER
REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE
ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS
SESSIONS
SGA_TARGET
SHARED_SERVERS
STAR_TRANSFORMATION_ENABLED
UNDO_MANAGEMENT
UNDO_TABLESPACE
For the reason being if you are using these new functions you can pay attention, if not you can blissfully relax until the next topic.
Ordered by importance of your everyday usage of Oracle.
There is more information in the whitepaper, which I encourage you to get from the IOUG web page after this session.

18. Flashback Versions Query
view the contents of a table as it existed at some point in the recent past(UNDO_RETENTION).
The feature allows the DBA to see the value of a column as of a specific time, as long as the before-image copy of the block is available in the undo segment

19. Rename Tablespace Useful in Transportable Tablespace scenarios
ALTER TABLESPACE user RENAME to u1;
Can’t rename SYSTEM or SYSAUX
Tablespace and all datafiles must be online
Can also rename READ ONLY tablespaces
PROD
ARCHIVE

20. Tablespaces and Groups
Huge tablespaces could be separated for maintenance (backup&recovery) reasons
Users still have single point for storing data
CREATE TABLESPACE TS DATAFILE ‘xx’ SIZE 1M TABLESPACE GROUP G1;
ALTER TABLESPACE NEWTS TABLESPACE GROUP G1;
ALTER TABLESPACE NEWTS TABLESPACE GROUP ‘’;
CREATE TABLE T(…) TABLESPACE G1;

21. Bigfile Tablespaces Support for sizes up to 8 Exabytes!
Terabytes
Max files in database
SYSTEM & SYSAUX can’t be bigfile tablespaces
CREATE BIGFILE TABLESPACE bigtbs DATAFILE '/u02/oracle/data/bigtbs01.dbf‘ SIZE 50G EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO;
bytes

22. Crossplatform Transportable TS
RMAN> CONVERT TABLESPACE sales_1,sales_2
2> TO PLATFORM ’Microsoft Windows NT’
3> FORMAT ’/temp/%U’;
...
Transporting Tablespaces Between Databases
input datafile fno=00004 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/salesdb/sales_101.dbf
converted datafile=/temp/data_D-10_I _TS-EXAMPLE_FNO-4_06ek24vl
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile conversion complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
Crossplatform Transportable DB
Now you can transport an entire database across platforms that
share the same endianess (byte ordering) in the release 2.

23. Data Pump A server-managed data transportation tool
Direct load/extract capabilities
Very high performance/efficient with large data sets
Replacement for exp/imp
old exp/imp remain supported
Data Pump Client
Data Pump Client
Data Warehouse
PROD
Data Pump
Data Pump

24. Data Pump Commands expdp/impdp
Can use files or direct network transfer
Dynamic configuration, resumable operations
Client can detach and reconnect
Can be parallelized using PARALLEL
Even loads to/from external text files
Monitored through DBA_DATAPUMP_JOBS
expdp hr/hr dumpfile=chap7:job_tabs.dmp nologfile=y
content=metadata_only tables=jobs,job_history

25. Database Encryption(new feature release 2)
You can encrypt any or all the columns in a table.
Since the data is stored encrypted, all downstream
components, such as backup and archived logs,
also have the encrypted format

26. How Transparent Data Encryption works
ENCRYPTION_WALLET_LOCATION =
(SOURCE=
(METHOD=file)
(METHOD_DATA=
(DIRECTORY=/orawall)))
alter system set encryption key
authenticated by "remnant";
alter system set encryption wallet open
authenticated by "remnant";

27. create table accounts (
acc_no number not null,
first_name varchar2(30) not null,
last_name varchar2(30) not null,
SSN varchar2(9) ENCRYPT USING 'AES128') ;
alter table accounts modify (ssn encrypt using 'AES128');

28. Online Reorg of a Single Partition
partition by range (trans_date) (
partition y03q1 values less than (to_date('04/01/2003','mm/dd/yyyy')),
partition y03q2 values less than (to_date('07/01/2003','mm/dd/yyyy')), partition y03q3 values less than (to_date('10/01/2003','mm/dd/yyyy')) )
Begin
dbms_redefinition.start_redef_table(
uname => 'ARUP',
orig_table => 'TRANS',
int_table => 'TRANS_TEMP',
col_mapping => NULL,
options_flag => dbms_redefinition.cons_use_rowid,
part_name => 'Y03Q2');
end;

29. Unlimited DBMS Output
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-20000: ORU-10027: buffer overflow, limit of bytes ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_OUTPUT", line 32
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_OUTPUT", line 97
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_OUTPUT", line 112
ORA-06512: at line 2
package dbms_output used to be 1 million bytes(release 1)
package dbms_output used to unlimited bytes(release 2)

30. WRAP Package
PL/SQL program units often contain very sensitive and confidential information about company procedures and trade secrets
begin
dbms_ddl.create_wrapped
('create or replace procedure p2 as begin null; end;')
end;

31. Autotrace
Autotrace is now using the DBMS_XPLAN package to display the explain plans. This gives us a much more detailed explain plan.
set autotrace traceonly explain;

32. Conditional Compilation
Conditional compilation is the ability to make the compiler effectively ignore code (or not)
create or replace procedure p as
begin
$IF $$debug_code $THEN
dbms_output.put_line( 'Our debug code' );
dbms_output.put_line( 'Would go here' );
$END
dbms_output.put_line( 'And our real code here' );
end;
alter procedure P compile 2 plsql_ccflags = 'debug_code:true' reuse settings;

33. Automatic Storage Management (ASM)
Eliminates need for conventional file system and volume manager
Capacity on demand
Add/drop disks online
Automatic I/O load balancing
Stripes data across disks to balance load
Best I/O throughput
Automatic mirroring
Easy
Portable, high performance cluster file system
No volumes: just a pool of storage
Partitions total disk space into uniform sized megabyte units
Units assigned to a file are tracked using database oriented indexing techniques
Indexing allows efficient add/remove of disk to stripe set with automatic rebalancing
Data is spread across disks to balance load
Integrated mirroring across disks
Automatic Storage
Management

34. ASM – How it Works No volumes: just a pool of storage
Partitions total disk space into uniform sized megabyte units
Portable, high performance cluster file system
No volumes: just a pool of storage
Partitions total disk space into uniform sized megabyte units
Units assigned to a file are tracked using database oriented indexing techniques
Indexing allows efficient add/remove of disk to stripe set with automatic rebalancing
Data is spread across disks to balance load
Integrated mirroring across disks
Automatic Storage
Management

35. ASM – How it Works No volumes: just a pool of storage
Partitions total disk space into uniform sized megabyte units
Efficient, online add/remove of disk with automatic rebalancing
Portable, high performance cluster file system
No volumes: just a pool of storage
Partitions total disk space into uniform sized megabyte units
Units assigned to a file are tracked using database oriented indexing techniques
Indexing allows efficient add/remove of disk to stripe set with automatic rebalancing
Data is spread across disks to balance load
Integrated mirroring across disks
Automatic Storage
Management

36. ASM – How it Works No volumes: just a pool of storage
Partitions total disk space into uniform sized megabyte units
Efficient, online add/remove of disk with automatic load balancing
Portable, high performance cluster file system
No volumes: just a pool of storage
Partitions total disk space into uniform sized megabyte units
Units assigned to a file are tracked using database oriented indexing techniques
Indexing allows efficient add/remove of disk to stripe set with automatic rebalancing
Data is spread across disks to balance load
Integrated mirroring across disks
Automatic Storage
Management

37. Automatic Storage Management Summary
Better utilization via no fragmentation
Low Cost
Eliminates need for volume manager and file systems
Works well with inexpensive, modular storage
Better storage utilization
Easy – up to 50% less DBA/Sys Admin work
Fault tolerant
Raw disk performance
Capacity on demand
Automatic I/O load balancing

38. Storage Grid - Highest Data Protection for Lowest Cost
Site Failure Protection
Redo
Shipping
Data Guard
Corruption Protection
On Disk
Backups
Flash Backup
Human Error Protection
Flashback Logs
Flashback
Storage Failure Protection
ASM Mirroring
Oracle offers a continuum of data protection technologies
ASM Mirroring protects against disk failures
Flashback database - protects against logical failures
Flash Forward - protects against corruptions
Data Guard protects against site failures
Flash Forward Recovery is a new disk based B&R strategy
Backup and Recovery goes from hours to minutes
Trades cheap disk space for expensive people time
They can be easily combined to provide complete data protection
They all work transparently on clusters

39. Database Server Grid – Real Application Clusters
Runs Real Applications
Proven
Over 500 production sites
Certified with leading apps
Runs on standard, low cost servers
Fault tolerant
Capacity on demand
New integrated clusterware makes it easy everywhere
ERP
CRM DW

40. Database Server Grid – Workload Management
Push-button, online add/drop server to cluster
Automatic Load Balancing
Based on “service” concept
Automatic routing of service connection requests to appropriate server with lowest load
On server failure, automatic re-allocation of surviving servers to services
Dynamic load balancing when service levels not met (coming soon)

41. Oracle RAC 10g - Only Solution for Enterprise Grids
Mission Critical Quality of Service on Industry Standard, Low Cost Servers
Integrated clusterware makes RAC easy for everyone
Fault tolerant, scales all applications
Capacity on demand
Automatic load balancing
Add first-failure diagnostics

42. Oracle 10g Grid Management One-half to one-tenth the cost
Grid Control provides
Entire stack
User Provisioning
Cloning
Patch Management
Self-Managing Database
OEM Grid Control
Grid-wide operations
Scale from one to hundreds of systems with little incremental cost
ERP DW

43. Oracle Database 10g Self-managing Database
Built-in Intelligent Infrastructure
Code instrumentation
Data warehouse to analyze performance of customer workloads
Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor
Automatic performance diagnostic engine in the database
Automatic Tuning Optimizer
SQL Profile to tune packaged applications
Automatic PGA and SGA Memory Management
Lots more …
RBO RIP
Automatic memory tuning – sql execution memory in 9i, shared memory pools in 10g

44. Oracle 10g OEM Grid Control
Key goal – reduce labor cost by factor of 2 to 10
Complete and integrated
Manage all oracle products and key dependent data center infra components
Administration, monitoring, provisioning
Scale to thousands of servers
Manage groups of systems as one
(admin?; monitor aggregated perf rollups, thresholds, alerts and then drill down to identify problem; provision) “monitor - all that matters is monitor app svc level and then have ability to diagnose and fix”
Automated and policy based operations (define and enforce standards)
Security – user privilege, process controls, security alerts and patches (lje – treat security as full separate topic from oem)
Policy violation reporting
Configuration
Oracle best practices (db), e.g., multiplex control file
Patch and clone is key
Provisioning – clone, patch, add/remove nodes/stg (asm); group op for all of this (clone, patch, deploy agent, secure)
Centralized and remote operations
Manages the Oracle Grid environment
Scales to thousands of servers
Application Service Level Management
Configuration Management
Provisioning
Cloning
Patch Management
ERP DW

45. Business Intelligence on the Grid
Additional integrated BI capabilities – SQL Models, olap and data mining extensions
Business Intelligence on the Grid
Lower Cost
Leverage 10g hardware, software, labor savings
Manage millions of terabytes
Intelligence when you need it
Cross-platform transportable tablespaces
Asynchronous change data capture
More value from your data
Mature OLAP, Data Mining
Improved SQL Analytics – SQL Model Clause

46. HTML DB – Rapid Web Development Tool
Builds database-driven Web applications
For non-programmers
App developers and app users just need a web browser
Addresses MS Access proliferation problem
Supports hosted development and deployment environment
Accelerated web development: Every organization has a wish list of Web applications it wants to build to track information and share data. This presentation discusses how Oracle HTML DB helps you consolidate and secure data currently stored in spreadsheets and personal databases and provide Web access to this data through accelerated development of database-driven Web applications.

47. Easy Transition to the Grid
Oracle 10g preserves investment
Runs all existing apps on clusters
Moves data to new platforms as fast as FTP
Low risk - Start small and add capacity on demand
ERP DW

48. Oracle 10g Grid Computing
Half the Cost
Low cost, modular storage and servers
Complete, integrated software infrastructure
Half the labor cost
Highest Quality of Service
Rapidly Adjust to Business Needs
Capacity on demand
Load balancing
Easy to Manage
ERP DW

49. Key Technology Innovations
Automatic Storage Management
Flashback Database/Table
Fast Disk-based Backup and Recovery
RAC Workload Management
Rolling Upgrade
Cross-platform Transportable Tablespaces
Exabytes of data
SQL Model Clause
Self-managing Database
Grid Control
HTML DB
Integrated software stack

50. Next Steps…. Tuesday, 2pm, Larry Ellison, Keynote on 10g
Wednesday, 9:45 Chuck Rozwat, Keynote on 10g
Wednesday, 2:30 Ken Jacobs, Keynote on Ease of Management

51. Key Technical Presentations
Self-managing DB, Monday, 1 pm, Rm 103
HTML DB, Monday, 1 pm, Rm 104
OEM Grid Control, Monday, 2:30 pm, Rm 103
RAC, Monday, 2:30 pm, Rm 104
SQL Model Clause, Monday, 4 pm, Rm 130
High Availability, Tuesday, 11 am, Rm 304
XML DB, Tuesday, 11 am, Rm 130
Grid, Tuesday, 3:30 pm, Rm 102
ASM, Wednesday, 11 am, Rm 103
Streams, Wednesday, 1 pm, Rm 103
OLAP, Thursday, 1 pm, Rm 131

53. Reminder – please complete the OracleWorld online session survey Thank you.