1. 3D Printing Trends in Manufacturing
Day 2: End-Use Parts

2. Jack Stubbs

3. Future of Simulation Training
Tablet App instruction
Ultra realism
Modular and Expandable
Performance Metrics

4. 3D Print Applications Anatomical models
Pilot production training models
Molds for anatomical models
Prototype applications
Device concept models
Instrumented surgical device testing

5. Anatomical Models

6. Arthroscopic Skills Trainers
10 skills trainers built
Multi-Institutional Clinical study started at the University of MN Medical School

7. Prototype C-Arm X-ray Trainer
Used in Training courses in Europe and Asia
2 systems developed
Multiple anatomical models
Transitioning to production
50 systems ordered

8. Pilot Production

9. Medical Instrument Prototypes with Sensors
Laryngoscope with pressure sensors
Used to measure student performance on simulators and cadavers

10. CREST Process for Design
DICOM Imaging
Tissue segmentation
Digital Model
Dynamic models
Tissue Characterization

11. Segmentation
Segmentation software, like ViTAL’s Vitrea, allows for the isolation of desired structures, and extraction of a 3D model.

12. 3D Model Building
Extracted 3D model is brought into a 3D software program and used as a template to construct an accurate digital.

13. 3D Sculpt and Paint
3D models are sculpted and painted to add realistic surface detail

14. Constructing Full Anatomical Model from MRI

15. 3D Print
The high-detail models are sent to a 3D printer, to be made into molds for soft, silicone versions.

16. 3D Print as Anatomy Mold

17. Spine and Skeletal

18. Cam Model from MR using Vitrea)
Model Accuracy
Patients
Cam Model from MR using Vitrea)
Tongue
Mean(s.d)
95% Cl
cross sectional area(cm2)
25.6(3.7) 24
Horizontal diameter(cm)
6.3(0.7)
6.5
Coronar diameter(cm)
4.4(0.5) 4
Edge-Pharynx(cm)
1.6(0.7)
1.7
Palate
2.7(1.0)
Curved length(cm)
3.7(0.6)
3.9
Height(cm)
2.7(0.7)
2.7
Center-Pharynx(cm)
1.5(0.2)
1.4
Palate-Epiglottis (cm)
4.4(0.9)
Palate- Vallecula(cm)
5.7(1.0)
5.7
Epiglottis
Anterior Length
1.6(0.4)
Posterior length
2.8(0.7)
2.8
Tip-Pharynx(cm)
0.9(0.4)
0.6
Vallecul-Pharynx(cm)
1.7(0.6)
2.2
Overall Distances
Teeth-Pharynx(cm)
8.1(0.6)
8.8
Lip-Pharynx(cm)
9.5(0.6)
9.6
Volumes
Oral Airspace(cm3)
4.3(5.3)
Retropalatal Airspace(cm3)
5.1(2.0)
Pharyngeal Airspace(cm3)
13.5(7.7)
18 approximately
Comparison measurements were made on the CREST MR model of airway anatomy that is being used to create the synthetic tissue models. The publication, ‘Degrees of Reality’, published in the Journal of American Anethesiology, June, 2012, is used as a summary of average dimensional features of human anatomy.

19. Phase 1 Prototype

20. Intubation Training

21. Soooo creepy… 