1. International Marketing
Saad Ahmed Javed
National College of Business Administration & Economics

2. The Global Marketing Imperative
Principles of International Marketing
9th Edition
Chapter 1
The Global Marketing Imperative

3. What is International Marketing?
International marketing consists of the activity, institutions, and processes across national borders that create, communicate, deliver, and exchange offerings that have value for stakeholders and society.
Forms of international marketing include export–import trade, licensing, joint ventures, wholly owned subsidiaries, turnkey operations (franchises etc), and management contracts.
Marketing serves as a key agent of societal change and as a key instrument for the development of societally responsive business strategy.

4. What is International Marketing?
Questions to consider to deal with international issues and repercussions(effects) and make appropriate decisions:
Does my market have borders?
Should I obtain my supplies domestically or from abroad?
What marketing adjustments are or will be necessary?

5. What is International Marketing?
Questions to consider to deal with international issues and repercussions and make appropriate decisions:
What threats from global competition should I expect?
How can I work with these threats to turn them into opportunities?
What are my strategic global alternatives?

6. The Importance of World Trade
World trade in merchandise has expanded from $6.2 trillion in 2000 to over $19 trillion in 2015.
World trade in services has expanded from $1.5 trillion to over $5 trillion till 2015.
Global growth of trade has outperformed the growth of domestic economies in the past few decades.
Provides new marketing opportunities such as investment on a global scale, international specialization and cross-sourcing, use of technology to enhance business functioning.

7. The Importance of World Trade
Trading blocs encourage trade relations between their members through rules and standards, and also affect the trade and investment flows of nonmember countries.
Trading blocs include the European Union in Europe, NAFTA in North America, Mercosur in Latin America, ASEAN in Asia and SCO in China & allies.

8. Global Linkages
Global linkages bind countries, institutions, and individuals closely.
These linkages have also become more intense on an individual level.
Communication has built new international bridges.
New products have attained international appeal.
Transportation linkages let individuals from different countries see and meet each other with unprecedented ease.

9. Global Linkages
World trade is also bringing about a global reorientation of corporate processes, which opens up entirely new horizons.
The level of global investment has
Resulted in the buildup of international debt by governments.
Affected the international value of currencies.
Provided foreign capital for firms.
Triggered major foreign direct-investment activities’.

10. Global Linkages
Realignments taking place on both micro and macro levels make past trade orientations partially obsolete.
The growth in the overall volume and value of both merchandise and services trade has had a major impact on firms, countries, and individuals.

11. Domestic Policy Repercussions
Currency flows set exchange rates, which are the values of currencies relative to each other.
Exchange rates have begun to determine the level of trade.

12. Domestic Policy Repercussions
The global market imposes increasingly tight limits on national economic regulation and sovereignty.
Policymakers have sought to restrict the impact of global trade and financial flows by erecting barriers, charging tariff s, designing quotas, and implementing other import regulations.
These measures too have been restrained by international agreements that regulate trade restrictions, particularly through the World Trade Organization (WTO).

13. Domestic Policy Repercussions
Though closer economic relations result in many positive effects, interdependence decreases a nation’s capability to do things its own way.
The key task for the international marketer is to stimulate societal acceptance of the long-term benefits of interdependence.

14. Opportunities and Challenges in International Marketing
To handle newly emerging forces and dangers of unforeseen influences from abroad, firms need to:
Be prepared and develop active responses.
Envision new strategies.
Develop new plans.
Change the way of doing business.

15. Opportunities and Challenges in International Marketing
The growth of global business activities offers increased opportunities.
Knowledge transfer around the globe helps an international firm to build and strengthen its competitive position.
International opportunities require an awareness of global developments, an understanding of their meaning, and a development of capabilities to adjust to change.