1. Protocols

2. Protocol Set of rules that govern: Protocols regulate: Connection
Communication
Data transfer
Protocols regulate:
access method
allowed physical topologies
types of cabling
speed of data transfer
A protocol is a set of rules that govern the connection, communication, and data transfer between computers on a network
These rules include guidelines that regulate the following characteristics of a network: access method, allowed physical topologies, types of cabling, and speed of data transfer

3. Internet Protocols HTTP HTTPS SMTP FTP
There are hundreds of internet protocols, but the ones we will be focusing on are: http, https and ftp.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is a TCP/IP protocol used in sending and receiving .

4. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Protocol used by the World Wide Web
Transfers displayable web pages
Related web page files
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the set of rules for transferring files (text, graphic images, sound, video, and other multimedia files) on the World Wide Web

5. Hypertext Transfer Protocol over Secure Socket Layer (HTTPS)
Additional encryption/authentication layer
Used in security-sensitive communication
payment transactions
corporate logons
Reasonable protection from eavesdroppers and attacks
The 2nd type of Internet protocol is HTTPS. This stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol over Secure Socket Layer. Adding the ‘S’ allows for an additional encryption or authentication layer for security reasons.
This is used widely on the Web for security-sensitive communications such as payment transactions and corporate log-ons.
While not perfectly secure (nothing is), it does ensure a reasonable level of protection from eavesdroppers and attacks.

6. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
Used for sending and receiving only.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is a TCP/IP protocol used in sending and receiving .

7. File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Used to transfer data from one computer to another through a network, such as the Internet
FTP client FTP server
Does not depend on specific operating system
The 3rd type of Internet protocol is FTP or file Transfer Protocol. This is a network protocol that’s used to transfer data from one computer to another through a network, such as the internet.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard Internet protocol for transmitting files between computers on the Internet. Like the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which transfers displayable Web pages and related files, and the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), which transfers , FTP is an application protocol that uses the Internet's TCP/IP protocols. FTP is commonly used to transfer Web page files from their creator to the computer that acts as their server for everyone on the Internet. It's also commonly used to download programs and other files to your computer from other servers.

8. Network Protocol
Defines rules for communication between network devices
Send and receive messages in the form of packets
Designed for specific purposes and environments
Different from the Internet protocols are the Network Protocols. These define the rules for communication between network devices.
Messages are sent and received in the form of packets.
There are hundreds of different computer network protocols that have been developed. Each one is designed for a specific purpose and environment. Let’s look at 4 types of network protocols.

9. Network Protocol…Cont’d
The most common protocols are:
Ethernet
AppleTalk
Token Ring
FDDI

10. Ethernet Most widely used protocol
Each computer listens to the cable before sending anything through the network
Transmission waits for clear cable
Collision
when transmission sent at same time
Transmission resubmitted
Delay is minimal
Allows for linear bus, star, or tree topologies
Transmission speed of 10 Mbps
Ethernet is the most widely used Network Protocol. Each computer listens to the cable before sending anything through the network. If the network is clear, the computer will transmit, but if some other node is already transmitting on the cable, the computer will wait and try again when the line is clear. When two computers attempt to transmit at the same time, a collision occurs, and each computer then backs off and waits a random amount of time before attempting to retransmit. Delay caused by collisions and retransmitting is very small and does not normally affect the speed of transmission on the network.
Ethernet protocol works well with either linear (bus), star or tree topologies.
Usually the transmission speed is 10 Mbps (megabytes per second).

11. Fast Ethernet Increased speed to 100 Mbps
Additional network devices and cables
An upgrade of ethernet is Fast Ethernet. This allows for an increased speed of transmission, supporting a speed of 100 Mbps. However, fast ethernet requires the use of different, more expensive network devices and cables.

12. AppleTalk Developed by Apple for Macintosh computers
Allows for linear bus or star topologies
Transmission speed is only 230 Kbps
LocalTalk is a network protocol that was developed by Apple for use with Macintosh computers. It also allows for a linear/bus topology, as well as a star or tree topology. LocalTalk transmits at only 230 kbps.

13. Token Ring Developed by IBM in the mid-1980s.
Signal travels around the network from one computer to another in a logical ring.
Requires a star-wired ring
Transmission speeds of 4 Mbps or 16 Mbps
The 3rd type of Network protocol is Token Ring. It was developed in the mid-1980s by IBM. In this protocol, computers are connected so that the signal travels around the network from one computer to another in a logical ring. Therefore, this protocol requires a star-wired ring topology.
Transmission speed runs at 4 or 16 Mbps.

14. Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)
Interconnects two or more LANs, often over large distances
Requires a dual ring topology
Transmission speed of100 Mbps
The 4th type of Network protocol is FDDI or Fiber distributed Data Interface. This is used primarily to interconnect two or more local are networks (LANs), often over large distances. This protocol requires a dual ring topology and transmits at 100 Mbps.

15. Network Protocol Summary
Speed
Topology
Ethernet
10 Mbps
Linear Bus,
Star, or
Tree
Fast Ethernet
100 Mbps
Star
AppleTalk
230 Kbps
Linear Bus, or
Token Ring
4 Mbps – 16 Mbps
Star-wired Ring
FDDI
Dual Ring

16. Communications Protocols
Rules for efficiently transmitting data from one network node to another
Divide messages into packets
Affix addresses to packets
Initiate transmission
Regulate flow of data
Check for transmission errors
Acknowledge receipt of transmitted data
Here are the ‘rules’ for effective communications protocols.
Refer to video shown to students.
Question: Which parts of the network regulated the flow of data? Router and switch