1. All About Conditionals

2. Types of Conditionals MAIN CLAUSE IF-CLAUSE TYPES TYPE 0
EXTRAS
Click on the Type boxes to see the structure.
Click on the blue words to see explanation and examples.
Click on EXTRAS to see related structures.
Click on PRACTICE to do some exercises.
PRACTICE
MAIN CLAUSE
IF-CLAUSE
TYPES
TYPE 0
SIMPLE PRESENT
SIMPLE PRESENT
TYPE 1
SIMPLE PRESENT
SIMPLE FUTURE
TYPE 2
SIMPLE PAST
WOULD V1
TYPE 3
PAST PERFECT
WOULD HAVE V3
MIXED TYPE

3. BACK TYPE 0 I am nervous if I don’t sleep 8 hours.
We refer to general truths, habitual actions.
N.B.: The order of the two clauses is indifferent in each type.
I am nervous if I don’t sleep 8 hours.
If the temperature rises, the snow melts.

4. BACK Type 1 If you are naughty, you’ll be grounded.
We refer to the future. In this case it is LIKELY that the condition will be fulfilled.
Unless = if … not
If you are naughty, you’ll be grounded.
Unless you don’t move, I’ll hit the apple.

5. BACK Type 2 If he loved her, he would ask her to marry him.
We refer to the present. In this case it is UNLIKELY that the condition will be fulfilled.
In the IF- clause ‘WERE’ can be used instead of ‘was’.

6. BACK Type 3 If she had studied more, she would have passed the test.
We refer to the past. In this case it is IMPOSSIBLE that the condition will be fulfilled.

7. BACK Mixed Type We combine two types:
One clause refers to the past, the other to the present.
One clause refers to the present, the other to the past.
If he had called the doctor earlier, he wouldn’t be in hospital now.
If I liked him, I would have given him my phone number last night.

8. remember If you ask your mom, she may buy you this backpack.
If they went on holiday, they could practise their English.
If she had had some free time, she might have travelled to Alaska.
‘Will’ can be replaced by:
may
can
should
‘Would’ can be replaced by:
might
could

9. PRACTICE: Which is the correct answer?
would have caught
If you had left earlier, you ____________ your train.
We will go sightseeing _____.
Joe will get a car _______ his driving test.
would catch
would caught
unless it doesn’t rain
unless it wil rain
unless it rains
if he takes
if he will take
if he took

10. PRACTICE: Which is the correct answer?
had driven
She wouldn’t have had a crash if she ___________ more carefully.
He would be rich if he _____________ to the casino last night.
If only my friends ____________ me to join them.
driven
drives
went
hadn’t gone
had went
will ask
had ask
had asked

11. PRACTICE: Which is the correct answer?
If my friends , they wouldn't be so fit.
We __________ for a walk if it stops raining.
If she did some sports regularly, she ________ much faster.
won’t exercise
didn’t exercise
aren’t exercise
would go
went
may go
will run
may run
could run

12. PRACTICE: Which is the correct answer?
Unless you _________ eating bread, you will put on weight.
If I _____________ born an animal, I’d be a lion.
stopped
stop
don’t stop
were
was
had been

13. Reviewing things

14. Conditionals If clause Main clause Use If + Present form
Type I
Real present
If + Present form
Future / Imperative, can/must/should + bare inf., Present Simple
Situation likely to happen in present or future
If the weather is good, we can go for a walk.
If you have finished, we ca go home.
Type II unreal present
If + Past Simple / Past Continuous
Would/could/might + bare infinitive
Situation unlikely to happen in present or future + used to give advice
If I saw a ghost, I would run away.
If I were you, I wouldn’t pay him.
Type III unreal past
If + Past Perfect / Past Perfect Continuous
Would/could/might + past participle
Unreal situation in the past + used to give regrets and criticism
If he had behaved well, the teacher wouldn’t have punished him.

15. Mixed Conditionals II I III If clause Main clause If nobody told him
He won’t come to the party. I
If he spoke German
He would have talked to her.
III
If he had sold the house
He wouldn’t be searching for clients now.

16. Grammar inversion I type. (always with should) II type. III type.
Is used for emphatization and in formal language.
I type. (always with should)
Should you not wish to sign the contract, you must let me know before the end of June.
II type.
Were I you, I wouldn’t do that.
III type.
Had I known the answer, I would have told you.

17. The End