1. File Systems Vs Database Systems

2. Traditional File Systems
Each file is independent of other file
Integration can be done only by writing individual program for each application
Any change to the data requires modifying all the programs that uses the data
Because each file is hard-coded with specific information like data type, data size etc
Identified on a trial-and-error basis

3. Creates, processes and disseminates its own files.
Inventory and payroll generate separate files and do not communicate with each other.
Simple to operate
Better local control
Data of the organization is dispersed throughout the functional sub-systems

4. Example for File Systems

6. Disadvantages of Traditional File System
Data Redundancy
Data Inconsistency
Lack of Data Integration
Program Dependence
Data Dependence
Limited Data Sharing
Poor Data Control
Problem of Security
Data Manipulation Capability is Inadequate
Needs Excessive Programming

7. DBMS

8. Example for DBMS

9. Advantages of Database Systems
Controlled redundancy
Data consistency
Program data independence
Sharing of data
Enforcement of standards
Improved data integrity
Improved security
Data access is efficient

10. Conflicting requirements can be balanced
Improved backup and recovery facility
Minimal program maintenance
Data quality is high
Good data accessibility and responsiveness
Concurrency control
Economical to scale
Increased programmer productivity

11. Disadvantages of Database Systems
Complexity increases
Requirement of more disk space
Additional cost of hardware
Cost of conversion
Need of additional and specialized manpower
Need for backup and recovery
Organizational conflict
More installational and management cost