1. www.studymafia.org Biodiesel Seminar On Submitted To: Submitted By: 1 1

2. Content Introduction What is Biodiesel? Benefits of Biodiesel
Environmental Issues
Problems brought by Biodiesel
Biodiesel Samples
Biodiesel Background
The Future of Biodiesel
Conclusion
References

3. Introduction
Biodiesel can be operated in any diesel engine with little or no impact to the fuel system.
Biodiesel has a solvent effect which may release deposits accumulated on tank walls and pipes from previous diesel fuel storage.
The release of deposits may clog filters.
Biodiesel can be used as a pure fuel or blended with petroleum in any ratio.

4. What is Biodiesel? Alternative fuel for diesel engines
Made from vegetable oil or animal fat
Meets health effect testing (CAA)
Lower emissions, High flash point (>300F), Safer
Biodegradable, Essentially non-toxic.
Chemically, biodiesel molecules are mono-alkyl esters produced usually from triglyceride esters
Fatty Acid
Alcohol
Glycerin FA
An alternative fuel that can be used in existing diesel engines
Made from vegetable oil instead of petroleum (can also be made from any other type of oil, including animal fat)
Only alternative fuel to meet health effect testing for the Clean Air Act
Produces far less hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, particulate, and carbon dioxide emissions
High flash point (>300F), biodegradable, essentially non-toxic. FA FA FA
Biodiesel
Vegetable Oil

5. Biodiesel can be used in existing Diesel Engines
Pure Biodiesel (B100) or blended with petroleum diesel (B20, BXX).
Rudolf Diesel: peanut oil.
Little or no engine modifications
Use existing fuel distribution network.
Available now

6. Benefits of Biodiesel - High cetane number (average 45,8-56,9 units)
- High flash point (above +100)
- Good lubricating property
- Absence of sulfur and aromatic hydrocarbons
- Low toxicity of emissions
- Virtually complete biodegradability (99%
biodiesel are destroyed in water or soil for 28 days)
- Zero balance of greenhouse gases

7. Environmental Issues
Burning fossil fuels increases atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide
Fossil fuels are a finite resource
30% Increase
Graph taken from USF Oceanography webpage

8. Problems brought by Biodiesel
Certain biodiesel gels easily under cold temperature
Deforestation for plantation
Degrades rubber in old cars
Synthetic rubbers that are resistant

9. Biodiesel Samples
An alternative fuel that can be used in existing diesel engines
Made from vegetable oil instead of petroleum (can also be made from any other type of oil, including animal fat)
Only alternative fuel to meet health effect testing for the Clean Air Act
Produces far less hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, particulate, and carbon dioxide emissions
High flash point (>300F), biodegradable, essentially non-toxic.

10. Biodiesel Challenges Cold Weather Operation (Chemistry)
Producing enough feedstock oil to replace a large portion of petroleum (biology, chemistry, physics, economics)
Engine and emissions optimization (chemistry, physics)

11. Biodiesel Background Four main production methods Transesterification
Direct use and blending
Micro emulsions
Thermal cracking
Transesterification
Transesterification
Most common production method
Uses vegetable oils and animal fats as feed stocks
The reaction of a fat or oil with an alcohol to form esters (biodiesel) and glycerol
Direct Use – simplest method, 80% of petroleum heat content, ready available feed stock, viscosity too high, reactivity of unsaturated hydrocarbons
Microemulsions – Utilizes alcohol solvents to reduce viscosity, causes carbon and laquer deposits on engine parts
Thermal cracking – Yields both biodiesel and gasoline, biodiesel produced similar to petroleum, negates emissions benefits
Transesterification – can be used as a continuous process, more easily meets biodiesel fuel standards, expensive alcohol catalyst

12. The Future of Biodiesel
Should be considered for use as an alternative and not a primary fuel
Short and long term environmental benefits will be worthwhile
Storage Issues with Stability and Transportation issues with high cost of delivered fuel compared to fossil fuels
Fuel-supply reliability
Lack of understanding of environmental impact - NOx emissions
Complexity of biomass-power infrastructure compared to known well established coal and natural gas markets
In order for biodiesel to become more mainstream, local, state, and federal governments are going to have to show increased support of alternative fuels.

13. Conclusion Biodiesel is eco-friendly.
Biodiesel is clean burning alternative fuel.
Biodiesel contain no petroleum, but can be blended with conventional diesel fuel.
These fuel can be used in any diesel engine without any modification.
Biodiesel is degradable , non toxic and free from sulphur and lead.

14. References www.google.com www.wikipedia.com www.studymafia.org

15. Thanks