1. Sistema Integrado de Supervision de Centrales Nucleares
Spanish Nuclear Security Reactor Oversight Process
(SISC)
Sistema Integrado de Supervision de Centrales Nucleares
Antonio Pérez Báez

2. Content (23 slides)
1. Introduction: Spanish Nuclear sites, Competent Authorities and Milestones
2. SISC Overview
3. Nuclear Security Basic Concepts
4. Describing the 4 steps of the SISC
5. SISC Examples

3. Spanish Nuclear Sites Garoña, BWR 466 MW Vandellos II, PWR 1087 MW
Trillo, PWR
1066 MW
Asco, PWR
2 Units
1032 & 1027 MW
J Cabrera
ISFSI
Juzbado,
Fuel Factory
Central Spent
Fuel Storage
Cofrentes,
BWR
1092 MW
Low & Medium
Rad Waste
Repository
Almaraz, PWR
2 Units
1049 & 1044 MW

4. Competent Authorities
Nuclear Safety
Radiation Protection
Nuclear Security

5. Important Milestones in NS
CSN
NS Branch
is created
CSN NS
Prescriptive
ORDER
NS is
Integrated
Into
SISC
BDT is
approved
Police
Forces
Inside
NPPs
2001
2004
2006
2012
2015
2016
Greenpeace
Intrusion
into NPP
Sep 11 Attack
Madrid Bombing
NS Royal Decree
Nuclear, Rad Mat &
Transport
Security Order
Rad Mat

6. What is the SISC?
It is a powerful TOOL used by CSN to CONTROL Nuclear Facilities PERFORMANCE

7. What is the SISC? It is a 4 step PROCESS:
To get INFORMATION about Nuclear PERFORMANCE:
Security INSPECTIONS
PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

8. What is the SISC? It is a 4 step PROCESS:
To get INFORMATION about that FUNCTIONING 
To ASSESS these 2 INPUTS 
Significance
Determination
Process

9. Information Collected
What is the SISC?
It is a 4 step PROCESS:
To get INFORMATION about that FUNCTIONING
To ASSESS these 2 INPUTS
To NOTIFY the results to the Nuclear Operator
1 Quarter
2 Quarter 3
Quarter
4 Quarter
Information Collected
Information Notified

10. What is the SISC? It is a 4 step PROCESS:
To get INFORMATION about that FUNCTIONING
To ASSESS these 2 INPUTS
To NOTIFY the results to the Operator
To ESTABLISH Regulatory ACTIONS:
ENFORCEMENT
Action Matrix

11. Convention of Physical Protection of Nuclear Material
SISC achieves Fundamental Principle C:
LEGISLATIVE &
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
The State is responsible for establishing:
a SYSTEM OF INSPECTION of nuclear facilities
a MEANS TO ENFORCE requirements, provisions
including sanctions.

12. Before starting, let´s revise… 1/3
OBJECTIVES of Physical Protection System (PPS) are PREVENTING:
RADIOLOGICAL SABOTAGE Malicious act against the NPP to cause RADIOACTIVE RELEASE
THEFT ON NUCLEAR MATERIALS

13. Before starting, let´s revise…2/3
The 3 important FUNCTIONS of a PPS are:
DETECTION & ASSESSMENT of the alarms
DENY or DELAY the access of the adversaries to get the target
RESPONSE to & NEUTRALIZE the threat

14. Before starting, let´s revise…3/3
The Nuclear Regulatory PROCESS is based on:
ASSESSING the Official DOCs to grant the License
INSPECTING to check in situ
REMOVING, Requesting CONDITIONS or GRANTING the LICENSE

15. SISC 1st STEP: Getting Information. INSPECTIONS
ANNUAL SECURITY INSPECTION PLAN:
1. Att: Physical Protection
SYSTEM
PT.XII.01 Equipment performance,
Testing & Maintenance
PT.XII.03 NS Training & Exercises
2 Att: Access Control
PROCEDURES
PT.XII.02 Protected Area A.C.
PT.XII.04 Owner-Controlled Area A.C.
PT.XII.05 Vital Area A.C.
3 Att: RESPONSE to the
THREATS
PT.XII.06 Protective Strategy

16. SISC 1st STEP: Getting Information. PIs
Operators SEND every QUARTER PERFORMANCE INDICATORS of PPS:
Nº of HOURS with IDS & TV were OUT of service
False & Nuisances Alarm RATES
ERRORS in accessing to VITAL AREAS
Nº of HOURS of TRAINING & EXERCISES accomplished

17. SISC 1st STEP: Getting Information. PIs
Maintenance and how the
Operator’s CAP works
PI 1
Same as PI 1 and
how well IDS are set up
PI 2
Security Culture &
preventing INSIDER THREAT
PI 3
Check the HUMAN FACTOR
in Security Performance
PI 4

18. SISC 2nd STEP: Reviewing Information
From the INSPECCIONS: FINDINGS are deficiencies identified
The SIGNIFICANCE DETERMINATION PROCESS is a tool to categorize the IMPORTANCE of those findings  GREEN, WHITE, YELLOW or RED
Depending of nº of deficiencies, the Security area where happened, the vulnerability which produce to PPS, the amount of time without fixing…
PERFORMANCE INDICATORS have values to establish the thresholds or ranges to be categorized from GREEN to RED
Inside CSN  CATEGORIZATION COMITEE who takes into account the Inspection REPORT makes the decision

19. 3rd STEP: Notify RESULTS to OPERATORS
SISC CALENDAR:
1st
Month
2nd
Month
3rd
Month
4th
Month
5th
Month
6th
Month
10st days:
Inspection Report
21st days
Reception of PI
In 6 weeks: SDP
By 6th
Letters to the NPP
By the end of the following Quarter CONFIDENTIAL LETTERS will be sent to the Operators
The SISC process gives the Operator the chance to reply and defend that RESULTS
The SISC RESULTS about Safety and Radiation Protection are published in the of course nothing about SECURITY

20. 4rt STEP: ENFORCEMENT

21. Security FINDINGS: DATA BASE
Security Guards did not search the vehicle
at the PA Entrance
Security Order XX, Section…Date, Inspector X, Procedure X
TV Cam did not cover the whole zone
Security Order XX, Section…Date, Inspector X, Procedure X
Underground penetration without IDS and TV cams
Security Order XX, Section…Date, Inspector X, Procedure X

22. Example: Inspection Security Findings in 201X
1st
Quarter
2nd Quarter
3rd Quarter
4th Quarter
NPP 1
NPP 2 4
NPP 3 3
NPP 4 2
NPP 5
NPP 6 1
NPP 6 had another WHITE FINDING, went to YELLOW Column 
DEGRADED SECURITY

23. Conclusions
SISC is a very powerful tool used by the CSN to identify DEFICIENCIES in the NPP performance and requests CORRECTIVE ACTIONS to repair them according to their importance
SECURITY PERFORMANCE at Spanish NPPs has been IMPROVED progressively since CSN runs the SISC

24. Thank you for your attention