1. American Life in the 17th Century

2. Disease in the Chesapeake
Malaria, Dysentery, and typhoid.
Population
6:1 men to women- 1650 3:
1700- Virginia=59,000 people, Maryland=30,000
Took 10 years off the life of english settlers in virginia and maryland
Half of the people born there did not live to celebrate their 20th birthday
Because of low amounts of women and hihg death rate for men, southern colonies usually gave women property rights
Most immigrants were single men in late teens and early 20s

3. Tobacco Need for new land 40 million pounds of tobacco a year by 1700
Supply demand? Price?
Labor?
Indentured servants
Head right system
Planted tobacco to sell before corn to eat
Tobacco was rough on soil and could not be planted in the same place for more then 2-3 years- effect on native relations?
Supply demand- too much supply price goes down, farmers plant more
Labor- families procreated too slowly, indians died too quickly, slaves were expensive and hihg mortality rate made investment too risky, england had a sutplus of displaced farmers, -
freedom dues- got worse as land became more scarce and being a servent set free bacame harder and harder towards the 17th century, some had to hire themselves out for a very low wage to their previous owners
Head right system- if you pay for the passage of a servent you get 50 acres

4. Bacon’s Rebellion
These freemen became more and more frustrated with their lot (no land, no women )
William Berkeley- Virginia’s governor
Nathaniel Bacon- planter
Frontiersmen vs. gentry of plantations
Needed someone less troublesome to provide labor, but who???
Bacon and others were forced into the back country to try and find arable land. Did not like Berkeley's native policy, when there were a series of violent attacks on the frontiersmen from the natives and berkeley did nothing they blamed him and thought he wouldn't’t do anything bc the government benefited from the fur trade with the natives, and favored the rich on the coast
Bacon first slaughtered the natives and then went on a rampage toweard the capital and ran berkeley off and torched jamestown, continued to plunder and pilfer, then bacon dies of disease allowing berekely to come in and law down the law

5. Colonial Slavery 7 million Africans to new world 1492-1800
400,000 in North America- mostly arriving after 1700
Rising wages in England= less indentured servants
West Indian Planters bring rice and indigo to Carolinas
mid 1680s – first time black slaves will outnumber white servants
:1 slave: whites in Carolinas
1750- almost half of population of Virginia slave
First africans- 1619, by 1670 they numbered 2,000 in virginia and 7 percent of the population in the southern colonies
Lost charter- allowed for competition- more slaves, more then 10,000 slaves will come to north america in

6. Colonial Slavery (cont’d)
Middle passage
New Port, RI or Charleston, SC
Supposed racial threat (rising population)
1662- slave codes
From an economic want to based on race
Most slaves came from west coast of africa- senegal to angola.
Middle passage- death rate almost 20%
Early in century difference between slave and servent was unclear, first slave codes- blacks and their children were chattel of their white master, some colonies you could not teach them to read or write, if you wanted to free a slave you had to get permission of a board of land owners, and the slave must leave the colony within the week or be re enslaved by whoever finds them

7. Southern Society
Few planters controlled the local governments (house of Burgesses) and economy
FFVs- first families of Virginia
Small Farmers
Landless whites
Indentured servants
Slaves
Ffv’s- came before 1690 and had a lot of land, a lot of power and a lot of money, hard working and business like. Labored long hours.
Small farmers- largest group, might own one or two slaves, but did a lot of work themselves
Few cities- a urban professional class of lawyers and financiers slow to emerge in the south

8. New England Families Clean water and cool temperatures=less disease
Migrated as families
Early marriage and high birthrates
Got to know their grandparents
Women- not as much freedom as in the south, but had more protection in marriage
Tight-knit societies around small villages
Meeting house
education
New england added 10 years to their life span from the old world- life expectancy was 70 in new world
Family was center of life and population naturally increased. Married by early 20s and had a baby every 2 years after that till menopause- hard life on women.
Womens property rights would undercut the unity of marriage
Children learned obedience and hard work
Men could be punished for abuse of their wife, women were given domain over midwifery, adultery and abandonment- women could get a divorce
Instead of in the south where single families or men would go and try to start an establishment, new england was more organized and a town would be chartered, meeting house= churhc and town hall
Towns of more then 50 families were required to provide elementary education, established Harvard

9. Struggling Church Half-Way Covenant Salem Witch Trails
Diluted church members
Salem Witch Trails
“witch-hunt” now synonymous with finding a scapegoat to your own woes
Couple generations in religious zeal is wavering
Half way covenant – children of baptized members could also be baptized even if their parent had not had a conversion experience. Diluted the piosness even more. Could no longer tell the difference in the church between the “elect” and the others
Salem witch trials- group of young girls claimed to be bewitched by older women- legal lynching of 20 individuals in 1692, two dogs were also hung.- witch threats were often mad against property owning widows who would not remarry. Or those accused would come from the emerging market economy while the accusers were subsistence farmers. Fear of the new economy and the lessening of the presence of the church in massachusettes
Governor ended the trials in someone had mad an accusation agaisnt his wife. 20 years later mass. Paid reperations to the heirs of those killes

10. New England way of Life Shaped by soil Livestock
Timber, ship building, and commerce
Calvinism, soil, and climate lead to purposefulness, sternness, stubbornness, self-reliance, and resourcefulness
“God’s chosen people”
Continued to spread across North America with their idea of a perfect town
Hard to form learned to be frugal and hard working, less ethnically mixed, tried to improve land by clearing woodlands for pasture
Livestock- pigs, horses, sheep and cattle- needed land led to timber business

11. Similarities Majority were farmers
Women- wove, cooked, cleaned and cared for children.
Men- cleared land, fenced, planted, cut firewood, and butchered livestock
“dukes don’t emigrate” and the poor couldn't’t afford to (except indentured servants)
simplicity
Some tried but did not succeed to reproduce the stratified social structure of the old world- at least for white people