1. Elements and the Periodic Table
Table of Contents
Introduction to Atoms
Organizing the Elements
Metals
Nonmetals and Metalloids

2. Introduction to Atoms Dalton’s Model
Dalton thought that atoms were smooth, hard balls.

3. Introduction to Atoms Thomson’s Model
Thomson suggested that atoms had negatively charged electrons set in a positive sphere. Each electron is represented by the symbol e−.

4. Introduction to Atoms Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment
Rutherford was surprised that a few particles were deflected strongly. Which are the paths of the particles that were not predicted by Thomson’s atomic model?

5. Introduction to Atoms Rutherford’s Model
According to Rutherford’s model, an atom was mostly open space. The “6+” in the model means that there are six protons in the nucleus.

6. Introduction to Atoms
Use the diagrams to compare the expected and observed results of Rutherford’s gold foil experiment.

7. Introduction to Atoms Bohr’s Model
Niels Bohr suggested that electrons move in specific orbits around the nucleus of an atom.

8. Introduction to Atoms Cloud Model
Electrons move rapidly in different directions around the nucleus.

9. Introduction to Atoms Modern Model of an Atom
A carbon atom has a nucleus made up of positively charged protons and neutral neutrons. The nucleus is surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons.

10. Introduction to Atoms Particles in an Atom
An atom is made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. What is the correct charge for each atomic particle?

11. Introduction to Atoms Isotopes of Carbon
All isotopes of carbon contain 6 protons. They differ in the number of neutrons. What is the missing information for each isotope?

12. Organizing the Elements
Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
In his periodic table, Mendeleev left blank spaces. He predicted that the blank spaces would be filled by elements that had not yet been discovered. He even correctly predicted the properties of those new elements.

13. Organizing the Elements
Silicon
The entry for silicon (Si) in the periodic table looks like this.

14. Organizing the Elements
Potassium
Potassium has an atomic number of 19 and an atomic mass of amu. Bananas are rich in potassium.

15. Organizing the Elements
The Periodic Table
The periodic table is one of the most valuable tools to a chemist.

16. Organizing the Elements
Element Scramble

17. Organizing the Elements
Elements of Period 3
The properties of the Period 3 elements change as you move across the period. Which of these are Metal? Metalloid? Nonmetal?

18. Organizing the Elements
Elements of Group 10
The elements of Group 10 include nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), and darmstadtium (Ds).

19. Metals Recycling Metals
Recycling helps conserve energy and reduces the amount of waste in landfills.

20. Metals Metals Many of the objects around you contain metals. What
are the objects that will set off the metal detector?

21. Metals Classifying Metals
Where are the alkali metals and the alkaline earth metals on the periodic table?

22. Metals Melting Points in a Group of Elements
The graph shows the melting points of the Group 1 elements, or the alkali metals.

23. Metals Classifying Metals
Where are the transition metals and the lanthanides and actinides on the periodic table?

24. Metals Classifying Metals
Where are the Metals in Mixed Groups on the periodic table?

25. Nonmetals and Metalloids
Properties of Metals and Nonmetals
What are the properties of metals and nonmetals?

26. Nonmetals and Metalloids
The Families Containing Nonmetals

27. Nonmetals and Metalloids
Classifying Nonmetals
Where are the nonmetals in Group 14 and Group 15 on the periodic table?

28. Nonmetals and Metalloids
Classifying Nonmetals
Where are the nonmetals in Group 16 and Group 17 on the periodic table?

29. Nonmetals and Metalloids
Classifying Nonmetals
Where are the noble gases and hydrogen on the periodic table?

30. Nonmetals and Metalloids
Classifying Metalloids
Where are the metalloids on the periodic table?

31. Nonmetals and Metalloids
Portion of the Periodic Table
What are the chemical symbols of the nonmetals? How are the remaining elements classified?