1. Cities and their hinterlands
Urban-rural interactions

2. Definitions
Hinterland can refer to the rural area economically tied to the urban catchment of large cities or agglomerations
The city can be considered as a nexus of social and political relationships that forms the heart of larger social and political networks
City-states with a city and dependent territories, considerable part of
the population living in the city for greater protection
Territorial states with multiple centers inhabited by a smaller part of the population and a large part of the population living in the countryside

3. The Old World
Hittites
Syro-Hittites

4. Diyala hinterland
Mesopotamia’s heartland

5. Cities and their harbors

6. City-states
of Sumer
Syro-Hittite
city-states
Greek city-states

7. Southern Mesopotamian delta plain

8. River levees

11. Robert McCormick Adams
Land Behind Baghdad. A History of Settlement on the Diyala Plain (1965)
The Evolution of Urban Society: Early Mesopotamia and Prehispanic Mexico (1966)
The Uruk Countryside. The Natural Setting of Urban Societies (1972, with H.J.Nissen)
Heartland of Cities. Surveys of Ancient Settlement and Land Use on the Central Floodplain of the Euphrates (1981)

13. Tells

14. Western highland Mesoamerica
Eastern lowland Mesoamerica