1. Impact of UN Guidelines on Foster Care and Institutional Care of young children in Europe and Central Asia
Professor Kevin Browne & Dr Shihning CHOU
Centre for Forensic & family psychology,
Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology
School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NG8 1BB, UK.

2. Institutional care without a parent causes physical harm and neural damage to all young children.

3. Infants my be imprisoned behind their cot bars for up to 18 hours a day

4. United Nations General Assembly Report of the Human Rights
Council on its 11th Session (A/HRC/11/37, Section 11/7, p.23)
– Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children (2010) – Related Publications

5. Country with children under 3
In Residential Care
Proportion
per 10,000
Change since
2003 per 10,000
Change 2003 per 10,000
Bosnia & Herz* 9 +2
Sweden* 7 -1
Latvia 54
Germany 6
Lithuania 45
Montenegro -5
Bulgaria 43 -7
Turkmenistan* 5
Czech Republic 38
-22
Italy* -3
Malta 32 +5
Netherlands
-11
Belarus 27
-18
Kyrgyzstan* 4 -2
Belgium* 26
-30
Tajikistan*
Russia* 24
-15
Georgia 3
Moldova 16 +4
Kosova
No Info.
Albania* 15 +7
Serbia* 2
Kazakhstan*
Turkey
Romania 14
-20
Spain*
-21
FYR Macedonia
Uzbekistan*
Hungary 12
-32
Azerbaijan 1 -4
Slovak Republic* 10
Denmark -6
Estonia
-16
Norway
<1
Croatia
Ireland
Poland +1
Cyprus
Austria UK
Armenia
No info.
Slovenia
Finland
-19
Iceland
Total (45 countries)
12.8
-1.6

6. Young Children under 3 years in Care 2013: % residential care, % foster care and total number

7. Reasons for institutionalisation
“Other” may be in prison or severe health problems of parent
Major change for eu accession is turkey – said 49% are biological orphans (maternal mortality rate was 70 in 100,000) – previously similar percentage to EU

8. SOCIAL REASONS FOR RESIDENTIAL CARE
Lack of community nurses and social workers
Lack of home based assessments of children in need and their families
Lack of free universal prevention services to reduce child abuse, neglect and abandonment (eg; positive parenting & counselling programs and community mental health and addiction services)
Weak targeted interventions with families high risk of child abuse, neglect and abandonment.
Slow development of therapeutic foster care.
The health sector must be involved to prevent separation and sustain reunification of children with their parent(s)

9. From Kevin.browne@nottingham.ac.uk OR www.crin.org/bcn
Manual on the Better Care Network: Mulheir, G., Browne, K. and Associates (2007). De-Institutionalising And Transforming Children’s Services: A Guide To Good Practice.
From OR

10. Mother-Baby Units to replace Baby Homes No child under three in residential care without a parent

11. Further Reading
Browne, K.D., Hamilton-Giachritis, C.E., Johnson, R. and Ostergren, M. (2006). Overuse of institutional care for children in Europe. British Medical Journal. 332 : (25/02/06).
Chou, S. and Browne, K.D. (2008). The Relationship between Institutional Care and International Adoption of Children in European. Adoption & Fostering, 32(1):
 Browne, K.D. and Chou, S. (2008). Child Rights and International Adoption: A Response to Critics. Adoption & Fostering, 32(2):
Chou, S. and Browne, K.D. (2015). The relationship over time between international adoption and institutional care in Romania and Lithuania. Child Abuse Review. DOI:  /car.2395 (in press)
Browne, K. (2009) The risk of harm to young children in institutional care. London: Save the Children/UNICEF Better Care Network.
UNICEF (2010) Ending placing children under three years in institutions: A call to action. NY;Unicef
Hamilton-Giachritsis, C and Browne, K.D. (2012) Forgotten children? An update on young children in institutions across Europe, Early Human Development 88:
Browne, K.D, Chou, S. Whitfield, K. and associates (2012). Child Abandonment and its Prevention in Europe. Sociologie Si Asistenta Sociala. 5 (2); p Iasi, Romania.