1. and Jussive Subjunctive
Subjunctive Mood
and Jussive Subjunctive

2. Verbs Have Moods indicative – makes a statement; asks a question
imperative – makes a command
subjunctive – expresses a wish or a contrary-to-fact idea

3. Identify the mood of each verb: indicative or imperative.
Don’t walk in the road!
Help me, please.
Will you please help me?
You are walking in the road.
imperative
indicative

4. Now, let’s look at subjunctive mood.
If Marcus had given me money, I would have bought dinner.
I wish I were in Italy right now.
Would that you had listened!

5. Translating Subjunctive Mood
typically, not translated out of context
therefore, look for subjunctive verbs in sentences

6. Subjunctive Tenses
FOUR tenses: present, imperfect, perfect, pluperfect
Let’s learn how to form present tense of subjunctive mood

7. Forming Present Subjunctive
change vowel on present stem
1st conj: a  e
2nd conj: ē  ea
3rd conj: e  a
3rd io and
4th conj: i  ia
Then add active or passive verb endings.

8. Forming Present Subjunctive
change vowel on present stem
1st conj: a  We
2nd conj: e  hear
3rd conj: i  a
3rd io and
4th conj: i  liar
Then add active or passive verb endings.

9. Okay, let’s compare: 1st = portas 2nd = doces 3rd = ponis
Indicative
1st = portas
2nd = doces
3rd = ponis
3rd io = capis
4th = munis
Subjunctive
1st = portes
2nd = doceas
3rd = ponas
3rd io = capias
4th = munias

10. Change the verbs on the left in indicative mood to subjunctive mood.
canit
speramus
terrent
interficitis
Subjunctive
canat
speremus
terreant
interficiatis

11. Now, we’ll see how to translate verbs in present subjunctive.
Jussive Subjunctive
expresses the will of the speaker
English sentence begins with “Let”
must use present subjunctive
use “nē” for “not”

12. Sentences with Jussive
Semper memoriā teneamus.
Romam autumnō moveamus.
Nē militēs vulnerentur.

13. Sentences with Jussive
1) Semper memoriā teneamus.
Let us always remember.
2) Romam autumnō moveamus.
3) Nē militēs vulnerentur.

14. Sentences with Jussive
1) Semper memoriā teneamus.
Let us always remember.
2) Romam autumnō moveamus.
Let us move to Rome in the fall.
3) Nē militēs vulnerentur.

15. Sentences with Jussive
1) Semper memoriā teneamus.
Let us always remember.
2) Romam autumnō moveamus.
Let us move to Rome in the fall.
3) Nē militēs vulnerentur.
Let the soldiers not be wounded.

16. Review jussive uses present subjunctive only “nē” = “not”
begin jussive sentence with “let”

17. Nē miles Romanus in balneō canat.

18. Nē miles Romanus in balneō canat.
Let the Roman soldier not sing in the bath.

19. Mulier digna, cuius coniunx est senator, in silentiō ad eum stet.

20. Mulier digna, cuius coniunx est senator, in silentiō ad eum stet.
Let the worthy wife, whose husband is a senator, stand near him in silence.

21. Let’s practice some more.
Change the verbs below to subjunctive.
constituuntur
claudo
ridemus

22. Let’s practice some more.
Change the verbs below to subjunctive.
constituuntur
claudo
ridemus
constituantur
claudam
rideamus

23. Let’s practice some more.
Change the verbs below to indicative.
consulatur
moneant
spectem
consulitur
monent
spectō

24. Now, it’s time to look at our textbooks.