1. Agenda: 1. Bellringer 2. Continue Justinian Essay Practice
3. Notes: Nation-States – Russia
Ivan the Great threw off the rule of the Mongols, centralized power in Moscow, and expanded the Russian nation. • Power was centralized in the hands of the tsar. • The Orthodox Church influenced unification.

2. Bellringer: 2/22 & 2/23
Find the blue Post-It that has your name on it. This is where you sit today.
Pick up the papers by the door.
Write down your HW:
Complete essay preparation in your packet
Add the following page numbers just to the actual pages themselves:
104: Great Schism Reading
105: Notes – Nation-States: Russia

3. Geography Bounded by the Arctic and Pacific Oceans
Ural Mountains divide Russia between Europe and Asia
78% of current population live west of Urals
Boundaries with 13 countries

4. RUSSIA-US SIZE COMPARISON

5. Geography Central Russia has a continental climate
Summers = hot and short, winters = cold and long
Russian winter = famous for frigid temperatures
Much of Russia is covered by snow six months of year
It has to be lived through to be really appreciated.  Winter starts in October and continues through March (November-January are the darkest months)
- Interesting fact: Russia’s most southern port, Novorossiysk is on the same latitude as Minneapolis.

7. (very) Brief Introduction to Russian History:
Year
Event
Late 800s
Founding of Kievan Rus; start of what becomes the Russian nation-state
Mid-1200s
Mongols invade Russia
Late 1400s
Moscow (Russia) freed from Mongol control; “Ivan the Terrible” comes to power in Russia
Early 1600s
Romanov dynasty takes over Russia
862 – founding of Kievan Rus by Viking Rurik, the birth of what became the Russian state
Mid-13th century – Mongol Horde invasion
1480 – Moscow liberated from Tatar (Mongol) yoke
1613 – Rurik dynasty ended, Romanov dynasty begins (ends 1917)

8. Vikings arrive in Russia
Russian civilization begins with invasion of Viking tribes (the Slavs)
From north of the Baltic
Vikings = trade partner and sometime enemy of Byzantine Empire

9. Kievan Rus is established
700s-800s = Vikings leave Scandinavia
Masters of sailing = establish sea and river-based trade routes
Kiev becomes the center of this trade empire  will develop into the first Russian state
During Roman times, the Slavs expanded into southern Russia. Like the Germanic peoples who pushed into western Europe, the Slavs had a simple political organization divided into clans. They lived in small villages, farmed, and traded along the rivers that ran between the Baltic and the Black seas.
In the 700s and 800s, the Vikings steered their long ships out of Scandinavia. These expert sailors were as much at home on Russian rivers as on the stormy Atlantic. The Vikings, called Varangians by later Russians, worked their way south along the rivers, trading with and collecting tribute from the Slavs. They also conducted a thriving trade with Constantinople.
Located at the heart of this vital trade network was the city of Kiev. In time, it would become the center of the first Russian state.

10. Kievan Rus

11. Byzantine influences on kievan rus

12. Let’s Review: Roman Catholicism vs. eastern orthodoxy
Head of church = pope
Located in West (W/C Europe)
OK with icons
Uses Latin
Clergy cannot marry
Head of church = patriarch
Located in East (E Europe, Byzantine, Russia)
NOT OK with icons
Uses Greek
Clergy can marry

13. Influence: Orthodox Christianity
Russia adopts Eastern Orthodoxy from the Byzantine Empire
Displaces traditional beliefs of the Vikings who originally settled Kievan Rus
Will see churches develop in Kiev and throughout the rest of Russia as it spreads
~1000 CE: Vladimir makes OC the official religion in Russia
Early Byzantine Influences: Orthodox Christianity
Religious artifacts included churches, icons, and liturgical music as expressed in Byzantine culture

14. Influence: byzantine Politics
Law code based on the Justinian Code of the Byzantine Empire
Focused on expansion
Close connections between monarchy and Church (just like in Byzantine)
Tried (but failed) to implement bureaucracy modeled after the Byzantine Empire’s system but does have an emperor!
Kiev’s rulers brought Byzantine religion (Orthodox Christianity) to Russia
Russia adopted the concept of divinely inspired monarchy with close relations to state-controlled church
Were unable to adopt the Byzantine trained bureaucracy however
Brought Christianity and Greco-Roman civilization to Russia.
Created a Russian law code based on Justinian’s Code.
Instituted a Golden Age of Kievan Russia. Built churches and a new capital city.
Allied Russia with the rest of Europe by marrying his children to European rulers.

15. Influence: Cyrillic Alphabet
Byzantine missionaries (like Cyril) go east to spread Orthodoxy
Create Cyrillic alphabet in the process
Model for modern-day Russian alphabet (and other Slavic languages)
Byzantine missionaries, Cyril and Methodius sent to convert eastern Europe and the Balkans created the script

17. Intro to Russia video – Ted talk

18. The Mongols invade Russia

19. The golden horde is established
1200s: Mongols are moving westward, arrive in Kievan Rus
Russia becomes the “Golden Horde”

20. The golden horde is established
What is life like under the “Golden Horde”?
Sarai
Mongols set up a pseudo-bureaucracy
EX: Taxes are collected by local Russian princes
Rise of major cities (like Novgorod & Moscow)
Alexander Nevsky pushes cooperation over resistance

22. Russia is freed from Mongol rule

23. A free Russia Emerges: a “third” Rome
Russians re-emerged after Mongol control ended in the 15th century and claimed to be the successors of the Roman and Byzantine empires
Moscow is called by some the “Third Rome”

24. Ivan the Great (1462-1505) Born Ivan III, rules for 40+ years
Absolute ruler, took title of czar (from Roman word “Caesar”)
Defeated the Mongols, who had gained control of Russia, and expands Russian territory
Extended Russian territory  called Russia “the 3rd Rome” (wants a grand empire like Rome had)
Unified many new provinces as part of Russia
The Russian state would become a genuine empire during the long, 43-year reign of Ivan III. This prince was only a boy of 13 when Constantinople fell to the Turkish Empire in In 1472, the Ivan III managed to marry the niece of the last Byzantine emperor. He then began calling himself czar, the Russian version Caesar (the title became official only during the reign of Ivan IV). By calling himself czar, however, Ivan III openly claimed to make Russia the “3rd Rome”.
In many ways, he became great by continuing with the work that his predecessors had started. However, he worked on a larger scale. Ivan the Great united many of the previously autonomous provinces, succeeded in freeing Russia from the Mongols, centralized power in Moscow, and expanded the Russian nation.

25. Ivan the terrible (1533-1547) Born Ivan IV – an autocratic ruler
Among last of the Rurik dynasty
Expands Russia by conquering new lands
Develops a bureaucracy to manage his growing empire
Man of many moods (devout and intelligent or prone to mental stability and impulsivity?)
Patron of the arts and trade (built St. Basil’s Cathedral)
Ivan died from a stroke while playing chess with Bogdan Belsky[44] on 28 March [O.S. 18 March] 1584.[44] Upon Ivan's death, the Russian throne was left to his unfit and childless middle son Feodor.[38] Feodor died childless in 1598, ushering in the Time of Troubles.

26. Russia in the EARLY 16TH CENTURY (IVAN THE TERRIBLE- 1547-1584)

27. Russia @ END OF THE 17TH CENTURY (PETER THE GREAT- 1682-1725)

28. Russia in the EARLY 20TH CENTURY