1. States & Changes of Matter

2. SN# 10
STATES OF MATTER

3. Moving Particles Make Up All Matter
Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms and molecules
There are 4 states of matter – solid, liquid, gas, & plasma
The state of matter of a substance determines how fast particles move, and how strongly they are attracted to one another.

4. SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
Notice how the particles of matter are moving in the different states of matter.

5. Liquids, Solids, Gasses…
Solids have a definite shape and volume
The particles that make up a solid are in constant motion, but are held in place by the other particles around them
Liquids take the shape of their container (do not have a definite shape), but do have a definite volume
The particles of liquids move fast enough to overcome the attractions between them

6. Liquids, Solids, Gasses…
Gasses are able to change in both shape and volume, therefore always fill up the WHOLE space they are in
The atoms or molecules of a gas move fast enough to break free from one another and move independently

7. Plasma Plasma is the most common state of matter in the universe.
A charged gas with so much energy that electrons have become loose.
EX.
Lightening
Stars – Sun
Welding Arch
Solar Winds – auroras

10. SN# 11
Changes
In States
Of Matter

11. Particles of matter are always in motion
Adding heat to matter will speed up the particles of matter
Cooling down matter will slow down the particles of matter
If you add enough heat to a substance, it may change physical states
Water can change from a solid (ice), to a liquid (water), to a gas (steam) – simply by adding heat
What if you had steam and reduced the heat???

12. Changes of State…
A change of state is the conversion of a substance from one physical form to another
Changes of state are PHYSICAL changes
The make-up of the substance is still the same even though it changes form

13. Changing States of Water
Speeding them up
Becoming a gas
Slowing particles down

14. Changing States of Water

15. What has more energy? No Notes - Review
The energy of a substance is related to the movement of its particles.
Why does liquid water have more energy than ice?
Add energy = particles move faster
Reduce energy = particles move slower

16. A new way to look at temperature
Temperature is a measure of how fast or slow particles of matter are moving

17. Endothermic Exothermic
VS.
Endothermic Exothermic
There are two ways to describe how a substance undergoes a change of state:
An endothermic change means that energy has been added
An exothermic change means that energy is removed, or lost

18. Summarizing the Changes of State