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1 A B C 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
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1A The power to comprehend, infer, question, and reflect Reason
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1B Idea that government governs only with the consent of the people – the people have the power – as with the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 popular sovereignty
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1C Idea that the constitutional system governs, not men rule of law
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2A Able to speak two languages with the fluency of a native speaker
Bilingual
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2B Term for a religion that worships many gods Give an example.
What is its opposite? Give an example. Polytheism
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2C A pastoral society based on farming rather than industry
Agrarian society
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3A Organization of unskilled industrial workers formed to negotiate improvements in wages and working conditions Labor union/Industrial Union
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3B Core economics idea: not having enough for everybody scarcity
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3C The process of trading goods and services for other goods and services without the use of money Barter
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4A What you give up to get something else Opportunity cost
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4B The amount of goods and services one has in their life
Standard of living
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4C Socio-economic well-being, as well as life satisfaction
Quality of Life (Happiness)
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5A negotiations between and among countries diplomacy
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5B Representative of one country’s government to another country’s government ambassador
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5C A formal agreement or treaty between two or more countries to cooperate for specific purposes Alliance
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6A Formal agreement signed and approved by two or more countries
treaty
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6B Any one of several systems in which the means of production are owned by the community or government, rather than by private individuals, with the intention that all people share in the work and the wealth produced Socialism
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6C A natural resource that can be quickly replaced by nature
Renewable Resources Give an example and give the term and an example of its opposite.
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7A Concentrating on producing a good or service that you can produce better than any competitor specialization
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7B An overage: more income than outgo, or producing too much surplus
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7C Smith’s idea: what controls the market
Invisible hand (of supply and demand)
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8A The belief that conflict between groups in society leads to progress as superior groups outcompete inferior ones – sometimes summarized as “survival of the fittest” Social Darwinism
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8B Massive and rapid growth of the population of cities as a result of increased migration. The migration is usually from a rural, non-industrialized area Urbanization
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8C The forces or conditions that cause people to migrate or otherwise serve to drive people either toward or away from a place e.g. environmental conditions and demographic trends. Push/Pull Factors
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9A From the Greek, social class of people that hold hereditary titles granted by a monarch Aristocracy
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9B A system of government where power is held by a small group of people, often members of the military. Oligarchy
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9C The creation and implementation of new ideas, methods, or devices
Innovation
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10A An economic system where government regulates the market for the protection of consumers and workers Mixed economy
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10B French term for an unregulated economy Laissez-faire
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10C Marxian communist economy, wherein the economy is entirely controlled by the government Command economy
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11A Conversion of an economy from agriculture to manufacturing – resulting from the mechanization of labor Industrialization
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11B The process of eliminating barriers to trade, communication, and cultural exchange. Globalization
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11C The theory is worldwide openness and interconnection will promote peace and prosperity to all nations Globalism Name at least institutions that represent this ‘ism’
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12A The opposite of globalism; it suggests a desire not to be part of the rest of the world. It is used to describe political attitudes in the US in the 1920s and 1930s, but should not be taken literally Isolationism
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12B The idea that high taxes on imports helps U.S. companies – the Tariff of Abominations of 1828 and the Smoot-Hawley Tariff of 1930 are both examples of it. Protectionism
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12C 1990s agreement between Canada, the U.S., and Mexico not to place tariffs on most trade goods NAFTA – North American Free Trade Agreement
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13A When a currency is directly convertible to a set price in gold
Gold standard
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13B A decline in the value of money inflation Name its opposite.
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13C To refuse to buy a good or service as a political or moral protest
boycott Name/describe two examples, from different historical eras
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14A Sum value of all goods and services produced in a country in a year – the way one measures a country’s wealth GDP – Gross Domestic Product
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14B Sending work to other producers to capitalize on comparative advantage in price or quality Outsourcing
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14C Type of business organization owned by many people but chartered by government and treated in law as if it were one person corporation
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15A An extreme love and adoration of one’s country that leads to contempt for other nations – one of the “isms” that caused World War I Nationalism Name the other 3.
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15B Term for the edge of settlement, or land at the border between two countries frontier
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15C A political system with one, usually hereditary, ruler Monarchy
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16A Government system where citizens elect leaders who represent the interests of their constituents Republic
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16B Time of rebirth. Europeans experienced this in the 1400s with the reawakening of interest in Classical Greece and Rome, their government, literature, art, and thought. Renaissance Name and describe the specific time of rebirth in the 1920s in New York City
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16C Begun by Martin Luther, it challenged the practices of the Roman Catholic Church and started many new churches The Protestant Reformation
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17A An intellectual movement that stressed the use of reason to challenge ideas and beliefs Enlightenment Give an example of an American leader of this movement.
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17B Calling for the overthrow of one’s own government sedition
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17C Military tactic that targets individuals or small groups (often civilian, rather than military) or public sites for the purpose of causing fear in the general population Terrorism
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18A Term for a Spanish explorer and soldier determined to conquer new land for profit and the glory of the Church. Conquistador Name two examples.
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18B An internationalist political and economic system in which factors of production are collectively-owned and directed by the state – as from Karl Marx Communism
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18C A system of government marked by militarism, nationalism, centralization of power under a dictator, strict economic controls through corporations, and suppression of political opposition through terror and censorship; originally related to 1920s Italy un der Mussolini Fascism
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19A Type of business organization where one company or person controls the sector Monopoly Name and describe two ways these are formed. Name the 1890 law that banned them.
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19B A change or revision, often a fix – as with the U.S. Constitution or a piece of legislation amendment Name and describe two examples from the U.S. Constitution
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19C To approve, to accept – as in when the Senate approves a treaty or the states accept a Constitutional amendment ratify
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20A The right to vote suffrage Which amendment gave women this?
Which amendment ensured it couldn’t be taken away on account of race? Which amendment gave it to 18 year olds?
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20B either paper or electronic – what voters mark to select a candidate or to vote on an issue ballot
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20C A unified cultural community; it may be self-contained or part of a larger state. Nation
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21A A nation (or group of nations) with its own government, occupying a particular territory Country
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21B System by which power is divided among the levels of jurisdiction – as between the national and state governments – it is the essence of American constitutional government Federalism
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21C The branch of government that interprets laws
Judicial Branch – Judiciary Which body heads it? Name and describe the roles of the other two branches.
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22A The branch of government that enforces the laws Executive Branch
Who heads it?
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22B When the House of Representatives indicts a POTUS, Vice-POTUS, federal member of Cabinet or a federal Judge Impeachment Name two presidents to whom this has happened
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22C Unfair treatment of a person based on group membership
discrimination
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23A Term for opposition to immigration Nativism
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23B The extermination of a cultural or racial group Genocide
Give four historical examples.
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23C Built on Montesquieu’s ideas of “divided sovereignty,” this divides governmental authority among three branches so that government will not become too powerful. Separation of Powers
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24A Constitutional rights of citizens, such as equality under law
civil rights
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24B A counting of residents for records and representational purposes
census
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24C A self-governing political community. It may be a country (as in the United State), or a subdivision thereof (as in North Carolina or the “city-state” of ancient Athens); or a synonym for the government itself State
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25A Refuse to trade with another nation as a protest or out of fear of conflict – as in Jefferson’s “cursed ograbme” embargo
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25B Term from the Preamble to the Constitution that means future generations. posterity
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25C Paired with the idea of divided sovereignty, it is the Constitutional system wherein one branch of government controls an action by another branch – as with the presidential veto or the need for the Senate to ratify treaties Checks and Balances
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26A Term meaning following the mother’s line of descendance
matrilineal What is its opposite?
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26B The settling and populating of foreign lands for the benefit of the ‘Mother Country” colonization
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26C One country’s domination of the political, social, and economic elements of another country Imperialism
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27A These include “no taxation without representation” and are what colonials were fighting to restore during the American Revolutionary Era Rights of Englishmen
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27B First battle(s) of the American War of Independence – named for two Massachusetts towns Battle of Lexington and Concord
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27C 1890s political movement that unites farmers and industrial workers; also an appeal to the class interests of the “common” people Populism
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28A Economic system based on the private ownership of property and the resources of production Capitalism
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28B Broad-based reform movement seeking to use government to fix social, economic, and political problems; today a synonym of liberalism Progressivism
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28C Term for an aggressive investigative journalist who exposes flaws in American society, especially in the early 1900s Muckraker Identify three of these journalists.
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29A Belief system that values each person and gives each person rights and responsibilities over themselves; it might be “rugged” Individualism Name its opposite.
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29B 1896 Supreme Court case that established racial segregation in law
Plessy v. Ferguson Name the doctrine that the ruling created. Name the common term for that segregation policy.
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29C Name of the group that opposed ratification of the U.S. Constitution Anti-Federalists Why did they oppose the Constitution? Name a North Carolinian in the group. Name a North Carolinian who supported the Constitution.
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30A Political image or statement that exaggerates reality in order to persuade an audience Propaganda
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30B A research source, such as a letter or a law, written in the time period that you are studying. Primary Source
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30C Term meaning the collective of agencies and workers of the federal government (or any government system) who actually run the government bureaucracy
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31A Term suggesting it was God’s will for the U.S. to expand across the American continent and bring progress and civilization Manifest Destiny
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31B Secret network enabling runaway slaves to hide in private homes on their way to freedom in the North or Canada. Underground Railroad
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31C The view of opponents of slavery who argued that slavery may continue legally to exist where it already exists, but may not be extended into the new western territories Free Soil or Anti-Slavery Name two political parties that believed this. Free-Soil Party and Republican Party
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32A Sociopolitical movement that advocates maintaining the natural landscape, as well as the man-made landscape, for future generations conservationism
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32B A landform with water on three sides, such as Florida peninsula
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32C the point where two rivers meet or merge confluence
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33A a triangular plain, usually at the mouth of the river, where alluvial soil is deposited delta
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33B A narrow strip of land connecting two larger land forms, bordered by water on two sides – as with Panama Isthmus
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33C Beginning in the 1830s, it called for ending slavery everywhere.
Abolitionism Name three leaders of this movement.
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34A A government document permitting the organization of a corporation – as with the Virginia Company of London charter
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34B Term for the eight oligarchs who governed early colonial NC
Lords Proprietors
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34C System in the plantation economy of the colonial Americas wherein African slaves are traded to the Caribbean sugar islands, the molasses they produce is traded to New England where it is turned into rum, which in turn is traded in Africa (along with other goods) for slaves to be sent to the Americas Triangular Trade
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35A American name for the Seven Years War, the last of the British-French wars for empire French and Indian War What future POTUS started it? What was the name the major French defeat at Quebec?
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35B The first successful settlement in British North America – founded in Virginia in 1607 Jamestown
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35C Era of religious revival in the 1700s – the first of many
Great Awakening
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36A Barrier Islands and shoals on the east of North Carolina that create the “Graveyard of the Atlantic” Outer Banks
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36B An excessive loyalty to a locality or region of the country It’s a major cause of the Civil War and political division in NC. Sectionalism What geographical feature caused it in NC? The fall-line
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36C The first example of self-government in the New World, created by English Pilgrims in 1620 Plymouth. Mayflower Compact
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37A A global outbreak of disease that spreads quickly and affects many individuals at the same time – as in the Great Flu _____ of 1919 Pandemic
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37B What the Puritan founders of Massachusetts Bay Colony (and President Ronald Reagan) suggested America was supposed to be. A City upon a Hill
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37C Fictional character whose name was given to NC, suggesting its sleepiness in the early 1800s Rip Van Winkle
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38A Actually the Society of Friends, this religious group settled in early colonial North Carolina Quakers
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38B Products from pine forests, such as timber, pitch, and tar used in shipbuilding – essential to the founding and development of North Carolina Naval Stores
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38C Popular (often violent) movement to restore law and order and end government corruption in the Piedmont of colonial NC and SC Regulator Movement Which NC governor was its target? What event ended the movement?
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39A Infamous Bath, NC, pirate who captained the Queen Anne’s Revenge and successfully blockaded Charleston for a time Edward Teach / Blackbeard
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39B Arguably, the first declaration of independence in the 13 Colonies, signed May 20th, 1775, near Charlotte Mecklenburg Resolves
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39C Transfer of bio-organisms between the Old World and the New World (Hint: named for an explorer) Columbian Exchange Name two things that came from the Old World and two from the New World.
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40A Governor of the Lost Colony, also an artist during the Amadas-Barlowe expedition and the Ralph Lane attempt at colonization John White What is the other name for the Lost Colony?
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40B Two dominating First Nations language groups along the Appalachians and east to the Atlantic coast Iroquois and Algonquin
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40C Common name for the Mississippian culture that populated early NC – named for what they built near Morganton and in North Iredell Moundbuilders
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41A Complete name for the passage by which the first Asians came to North America during the last Ice Age Beringia Land Bridge
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41B Noted Greensboro NC short story writer who specialized in surprise endings O. Henry Name the Asheville author of Look Homeward Angel and the Winston transplant author of I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Thomas Wolfe and Maya Angelou
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41C Referred to as the “Father of the Constitution” because of his role at the Philadelphia Convention, as a Federalist, and as author of the “Bill of Rights” James Madison
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42A A plan for government taxing and spending; or for household income and spending budget
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42B Term referring to the government policy of taxing and spending
Fiscal policy
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42C The way income taxes are collected – by taking a bit out of your pay each paycheck to make sure you pay enough withholding
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43A Term referring to an allowable item’s value which you may subtract from your taxable income tax deduction Give three examples.
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43B Term referring to additional money given to you through the tax code if you qualify tax credit Give three examples of things that qualify.
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43C Term referring to the money you get back if you have overpaid your taxes during the year tax refund Whose money is it?
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44A Term referring to a tax for which the percentage owed goes up as income goes up graduated income tax It is also called a “Progressive tax”
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44B The branch of government that makes laws Legislative Branch
Name its two parts on the national level. Name the other two branches.
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44C Term referring to a power explicitly granted to the government under the U.S. Constitution Expressed power
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45A Term referring to a power not explicitly granted to the government under the U.S. Constitution, but assumed to be allowable Implied power
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45B Phrase referring to the where implied powers come from in the Constitution “Necessary and Proper Clause”
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45C Group of citizens who decide whether an accused is guilty or not guilty jury
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46A Signed April 12th 1776, these called for North Carolina’s delegates in the Continental Congress to support independence if proposed by another colony Halifax Resolves
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46B Conflict between the U.S. and the Soviet Union following World War II, in which the two do not fight each other, but do fight their proxies and allies Cold War
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46C Term referring to peaceful refusal to obey a law to force changing the law civil disobedience
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47A Civil War Era statement by Abraham Lincoln that freed slaves in rebel territories Emancipation Proclamation
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47B Tactic of civil disobedience used by student protestors in Greensboro (and elsewhere) to force desegregation of lunch counters Sit-in
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47C term meaning immigrants and other cultural groups should give up their ethnic identity and become like the rest of American society assimilation
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48A The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution compose this group of amendments Civil War Amendments What does each amendment do?
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48B Nineteenth-century term for infrastructure, such as roads, bridges, and canals internal improvements Give two North Carolina examples. Buncombe Turnpike; Dismal Swamp Canal
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48C Costly Revolutionary War British victory over Nathaniel Greene’s forces near modern-day Greensboro Battle of Guilford Courthouse What term refers to a victory so costly it feels like a defeat? Pyrrhic victory
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49A Main route by which Scots-Irish settlers came to the North Carolina Piedmont Great Wagon Road
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49B The first constitution of the United States – ratified in 1781
Articles of Confederation Why were they scrapped?
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49C 19th century North Carolinian who pushed to reform the Rip Van Winkle State Archibald DeBow Murphey What was the name of his education reform plan? Literary Fund
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50A Case in the NC Supreme Court that gave slaveowners and their agents broad powers over disciplining their slaves, maybe even allowing them to kill a slave State of North Carolina v. Mann
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50B Before the war – as in the era before the Civil War Antebellum
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50C NC case in the US Supreme Court that gave courts broad powers, including “busing”, to end segregation in public schools Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
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