1. 1
A B C 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

2. 1A
The power to comprehend, infer, question, and reflect
Reason

3. 1B
Idea that government governs only with the consent of the people – the people have the power – as with the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
popular sovereignty

4. 1C
Idea that the constitutional system governs, not men
rule of law

5. 2A Able to speak two languages with the fluency of a native speaker
Bilingual

6. 2B Term for a religion that worships many gods Give an example.
What is its opposite? Give an example.
Polytheism

7. 2C A pastoral society based on farming rather than industry
Agrarian society

8. 3A
Organization of unskilled industrial workers formed to negotiate improvements in wages and working conditions
Labor union/Industrial Union

9. 3B
Core economics idea: not having enough for everybody
scarcity

10. 3C
The process of trading goods and services for other goods and services without the use of money
Barter

11. 4A
What you give up to get something else
Opportunity cost

12. 4B The amount of goods and services one has in their life
Standard of living

13. 4C Socio-economic well-being, as well as life satisfaction
Quality of Life (Happiness)

14. 5A
negotiations between and among countries
diplomacy

15. 5B
Representative of one country’s government to another country’s government
ambassador

16. 5C
A formal agreement or treaty between two or more countries to cooperate for specific purposes
Alliance

17. 6A Formal agreement signed and approved by two or more countries
treaty

18. 6B
Any one of several systems in which the means of production are owned by the community or government, rather than by private individuals, with the intention that all people share in the work and the wealth produced
Socialism

19. 6C A natural resource that can be quickly replaced by nature
Renewable Resources
Give an example and give the term and an example of its opposite.

20. 7A
Concentrating on producing a good or service that you can produce better than any competitor
specialization

21. 7B
An overage: more income than outgo, or producing too much
surplus

22. 7C Smith’s idea: what controls the market
Invisible hand (of supply and demand)

23. 8A
The belief that conflict between groups in society leads to progress as superior groups outcompete inferior ones – sometimes summarized as “survival of the fittest”
Social Darwinism

24. 8B
Massive and rapid growth of the population of cities as a result of increased migration. The migration is usually from a rural, non-industrialized area
Urbanization

25. 8C
The forces or conditions that cause people to migrate or otherwise serve to drive people either toward or away from a place e.g. environmental conditions and demographic trends.
Push/Pull Factors

26. 9A
From the Greek, social class of people that hold hereditary titles granted by a monarch
Aristocracy

27. 9B
A system of government where power is held by a small group of people, often members of the military.
Oligarchy

28. 9C The creation and implementation of new ideas, methods, or devices
Innovation

29. 10A
An economic system where government regulates the market for the protection of consumers and workers
Mixed economy

30. 10B
French term for an unregulated economy
Laissez-faire

31. 10C
Marxian communist economy, wherein the economy is entirely controlled by the government
Command economy

32. 11A
Conversion of an economy from agriculture to manufacturing – resulting from the mechanization of labor
Industrialization

33. 11B
The process of eliminating barriers to trade, communication, and cultural exchange.
Globalization

34. 11C
The theory is worldwide openness and interconnection will promote peace and prosperity to all nations
Globalism
Name at least institutions that represent this ‘ism’

35. 12A
The opposite of globalism; it suggests a desire not to be part of the rest of the world. It is used to describe political attitudes in the US in the 1920s and 1930s, but should not be taken literally
Isolationism

36. 12B
The idea that high taxes on imports helps U.S. companies – the Tariff of Abominations of 1828 and the Smoot-Hawley Tariff of 1930 are both examples of it.
Protectionism

37. 12C
1990s agreement between Canada, the U.S., and Mexico not to place tariffs on most trade goods
NAFTA – North American Free Trade Agreement

38. 13A When a currency is directly convertible to a set price in gold
Gold standard

39. 13B
A decline in the value of money
inflation
Name its opposite.

40. 13C To refuse to buy a good or service as a political or moral protest
boycott
Name/describe two examples, from different historical eras

41. 14A
Sum value of all goods and services produced in a country in a year – the way one measures a country’s wealth
GDP – Gross Domestic Product

42. 14B
Sending work to other producers to capitalize on comparative advantage in price or quality
Outsourcing

43. 14C
Type of business organization owned by many people but chartered by government and treated in law as if it were one person
corporation

44. 15A
An extreme love and adoration of one’s country that leads to contempt for other nations – one of the “isms” that caused World War I
Nationalism
Name the other 3.

45. 15B
Term for the edge of settlement, or land at the border between two countries
frontier

46. 15C
A political system with one, usually hereditary, ruler
Monarchy

47. 16A
Government system where citizens elect leaders who represent the interests of their constituents
Republic

48. 16B
Time of rebirth. Europeans experienced this in the 1400s with the reawakening of interest in Classical Greece and Rome, their government, literature, art, and thought.
Renaissance
Name and describe the specific time of rebirth in the 1920s in New York City

49. 16C
Begun by Martin Luther, it challenged the practices of the Roman Catholic Church and started many new churches
The Protestant Reformation

50. 17A
An intellectual movement that stressed the use of reason to challenge ideas and beliefs
Enlightenment
Give an example of an American leader of this movement.

51. 17B
Calling for the overthrow of one’s own government
sedition

52. 17C
Military tactic that targets individuals or small groups (often civilian, rather than military) or public sites for the purpose of causing fear in the general population
Terrorism

53. 18A
Term for a Spanish explorer and soldier determined to conquer new land for profit and the glory of the Church.
Conquistador
Name two examples.

54. 18B
An internationalist political and economic system in which factors of production are collectively-owned and directed by the state – as from Karl Marx
Communism

55. 18C
A system of government marked by militarism, nationalism, centralization of power under a dictator, strict economic controls through corporations, and suppression of political opposition through terror and censorship;
originally related to 1920s Italy un der Mussolini
Fascism

56. 19A
Type of business organization where one company or person controls the sector
Monopoly
Name and describe two ways these are formed.
Name the 1890 law that banned them.

57. 19B
A change or revision, often a fix – as with the U.S. Constitution or a piece of legislation
amendment
Name and describe two examples from the U.S. Constitution

58. 19C
To approve, to accept – as in when the Senate approves a treaty or the states accept a Constitutional amendment
ratify

59. 20A The right to vote suffrage Which amendment gave women this?
Which amendment ensured it couldn’t be taken away on account of race?
Which amendment gave it to 18 year olds?

60. 20B
either paper or electronic – what voters mark to select a candidate or to vote on an issue
ballot

61. 20C
A unified cultural community; it may be self-contained or part of a larger state.
Nation

62. 21A
A nation (or group of nations) with its own government, occupying a particular territory
Country

63. 21B
System by which power is divided among the levels of jurisdiction – as between the national and state governments – it is the essence of American constitutional government
Federalism

64. 21C The branch of government that interprets laws
Judicial Branch – Judiciary
Which body heads it?
Name and describe the roles of the other two branches.

65. 22A The branch of government that enforces the laws Executive Branch
Who heads it?

66. 22B
When the House of Representatives indicts a POTUS, Vice-POTUS, federal member of Cabinet or a federal Judge
Impeachment
Name two presidents to whom this has happened

67. 22C Unfair treatment of a person based on group membership
discrimination

68. 23A
Term for opposition to immigration
Nativism

69. 23B The extermination of a cultural or racial group Genocide
Give four historical examples.

70. 23C
Built on Montesquieu’s ideas of “divided sovereignty,” this divides governmental authority among three branches so that government will not become too powerful.
Separation of Powers

71. 24A Constitutional rights of citizens, such as equality under law
civil rights

72. 24B A counting of residents for records and representational purposes
census

73. 24C
A self-governing political community. It may be a country (as in the United State), or a subdivision thereof (as in North Carolina or the “city-state” of ancient Athens);
or a synonym for the government itself
State

74. 25A
Refuse to trade with another nation as a protest or out of fear of conflict – as in Jefferson’s “cursed ograbme”
embargo

75. 25B
Term from the Preamble to the Constitution that means future generations.
posterity

76. 25C
Paired with the idea of divided sovereignty, it is the Constitutional system wherein one branch of government controls an action by another branch – as with the presidential veto or the need for the Senate to ratify treaties
Checks and Balances

77. 26A Term meaning following the mother’s line of descendance
matrilineal
What is its opposite?

78. 26B
The settling and populating of foreign lands for the benefit of the ‘Mother Country”
colonization

79. 26C
One country’s domination of the political, social, and economic elements of another country
Imperialism

80. 27A
These include “no taxation without representation” and are what colonials were fighting to restore during the American Revolutionary Era
Rights of Englishmen

81. 27B
First battle(s) of the American War of Independence – named for two Massachusetts towns
Battle of Lexington and Concord

82. 27C
1890s political movement that unites farmers and industrial workers; also an appeal to the class interests of the “common” people
Populism

83. 28A
Economic system based on the private ownership of property and the resources of production
Capitalism

84. 28B
Broad-based reform movement seeking to use government to fix social, economic, and political problems; today a synonym of liberalism
Progressivism

85. 28C
Term for an aggressive investigative journalist who exposes flaws in American society, especially in the early 1900s
Muckraker
Identify three of these journalists.

86. 29A
Belief system that values each person and gives each person rights and responsibilities over themselves; it might be “rugged”
Individualism
Name its opposite.

87. 29B 1896 Supreme Court case that established racial segregation in law
Plessy v. Ferguson
Name the doctrine that the ruling created.
Name the common term for that segregation policy.

88. 29C
Name of the group that opposed ratification of the U.S. Constitution
Anti-Federalists
Why did they oppose the Constitution?
Name a North Carolinian in the group.
Name a North Carolinian who supported the Constitution.

89. 30A
Political image or statement that exaggerates reality in order to persuade an audience
Propaganda

90. 30B
A research source, such as a letter or a law, written in the time period that you are studying.
Primary Source

91. 30C
Term meaning the collective of agencies and workers of the federal government (or any government system) who actually run the government
bureaucracy

92. 31A
Term suggesting it was God’s will for the U.S. to expand across the American continent and bring progress and civilization
Manifest Destiny

93. 31B
Secret network enabling runaway slaves to hide in private homes on their way to freedom in the North or Canada.
Underground Railroad

94. 31C
The view of opponents of slavery who argued that slavery may continue legally to exist where it already exists, but may not be extended into the new western territories
Free Soil or Anti-Slavery
Name two political parties that believed this.
Free-Soil Party and Republican Party

95. 32A
Sociopolitical movement that advocates maintaining the natural landscape, as well as the man-made landscape, for future generations
conservationism

96. 32B
A landform with water on three sides, such as Florida
peninsula

97. 32C
the point where two rivers meet or merge
confluence

98. 33A
a triangular plain, usually at the mouth of the river, where alluvial soil is deposited
delta

99. 33B
A narrow strip of land connecting two larger land forms, bordered by water on two sides – as with Panama
Isthmus

100. 33C Beginning in the 1830s, it called for ending slavery everywhere.
Abolitionism
Name three leaders of this movement.

101. 34A
A government document permitting the organization of a corporation – as with the Virginia Company of London
charter

102. 34B Term for the eight oligarchs who governed early colonial NC
Lords Proprietors

103. 34C
System in the plantation economy of the colonial Americas wherein African slaves are traded to the Caribbean sugar islands, the molasses they produce is traded to New England where it is turned into rum, which in turn is traded in Africa (along with other goods) for slaves to be sent to the Americas
Triangular Trade

104. 35A
American name for the Seven Years War, the last of the British-French wars for empire
French and Indian War
What future POTUS started it? What was the name the major French defeat at Quebec?

105. 35B
The first successful settlement in British North America – founded in Virginia in 1607
Jamestown

106. 35C Era of religious revival in the 1700s – the first of many
Great Awakening

107. 36A
Barrier Islands and shoals on the east of North Carolina that create the “Graveyard of the Atlantic”
Outer Banks

108. 36B
An excessive loyalty to a locality or region of the country It’s a major cause of the Civil War and political division in NC.
Sectionalism
What geographical feature caused it in NC?
The fall-line

109. 36C
The first example of self-government in the New World, created by English Pilgrims in 1620 Plymouth.
Mayflower Compact

110. 37A
A global outbreak of disease that spreads quickly and affects many individuals at the same time – as in the Great Flu _____ of 1919
Pandemic

111. 37B
What the Puritan founders of Massachusetts Bay Colony (and President Ronald Reagan) suggested America was supposed to be.
A City upon a Hill

112. 37C
Fictional character whose name was given to NC, suggesting its sleepiness in the early 1800s
Rip Van Winkle

113. 38A
Actually the Society of Friends, this religious group settled in early colonial North Carolina
Quakers

114. 38B
Products from pine forests, such as timber, pitch, and tar used in shipbuilding – essential to the founding and development of North Carolina
Naval Stores

115. 38C
Popular (often violent) movement to restore law and order and end government corruption in the Piedmont of colonial NC and SC
Regulator Movement
Which NC governor was its target? What event ended the movement?

116. 39A
Infamous Bath, NC, pirate who captained the Queen Anne’s Revenge and successfully blockaded Charleston for a time
Edward Teach / Blackbeard

117. 39B
Arguably, the first declaration of independence in the 13 Colonies, signed May 20th, 1775, near Charlotte
Mecklenburg Resolves

118. 39C
Transfer of bio-organisms between the Old World and the New World (Hint: named for an explorer)
Columbian Exchange
Name two things that came from the Old World and two from the New World.

119. 40A
Governor of the Lost Colony, also an artist during the Amadas-Barlowe expedition and the Ralph Lane attempt at colonization
John White
What is the other name for the Lost Colony?

120. 40B
Two dominating First Nations language groups along the Appalachians and east to the Atlantic coast
Iroquois and Algonquin

121. 40C
Common name for the Mississippian culture that populated early NC – named for what they built near Morganton and in North Iredell
Moundbuilders

122. 41A
Complete name for the passage by which the first Asians came to North America during the last Ice Age
Beringia Land Bridge

123. 41B
Noted Greensboro NC short story writer who specialized in surprise endings
O. Henry
Name the Asheville author of Look Homeward Angel and the Winston transplant author of I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings
Thomas Wolfe and Maya Angelou

124. 41C
Referred to as the “Father of the Constitution” because of his role at the Philadelphia Convention, as a Federalist, and as author of the “Bill of Rights”
James Madison

125. 42A
A plan for government taxing and spending; or for household income and spending
budget

126. 42B Term referring to the government policy of taxing and spending
Fiscal policy

127. 42C
The way income taxes are collected – by taking a bit out of your pay each paycheck to make sure you pay enough
withholding

128. 43A
Term referring to an allowable item’s value which you may subtract from your taxable income
tax deduction
Give three examples.

129. 43B
Term referring to additional money given to you through the tax code if you qualify
tax credit
Give three examples of things that qualify.

130. 43C
Term referring to the money you get back if you have overpaid your taxes during the year
tax refund
Whose money is it?

131. 44A
Term referring to a tax for which the percentage owed goes up as income goes up
graduated income tax
It is also called a “Progressive tax”

132. 44B The branch of government that makes laws Legislative Branch
Name its two parts on the national level.
Name the other two branches.

133. 44C
Term referring to a power explicitly granted to the government under the U.S. Constitution
Expressed power

134. 45A
Term referring to a power not explicitly granted to the government under the U.S. Constitution, but assumed to be allowable
Implied power

135. 45B
Phrase referring to the where implied powers come from in the Constitution
“Necessary and Proper Clause”

136. 45C
Group of citizens who decide whether an accused is guilty or not guilty
jury

137. 46A
Signed April 12th 1776, these called for North Carolina’s delegates in the Continental Congress to support independence if proposed by another colony
Halifax Resolves

138. 46B
Conflict between the U.S. and the Soviet Union following World War II, in which the two do not fight each other, but do fight their proxies and allies
Cold War

139. 46C
Term referring to peaceful refusal to obey a law to force changing the law
civil disobedience

140. 47A
Civil War Era statement by Abraham Lincoln that freed slaves in rebel territories
Emancipation Proclamation

141. 47B
Tactic of civil disobedience used by student protestors in Greensboro (and elsewhere) to force desegregation of lunch counters
Sit-in

142. 47C
term meaning immigrants and other cultural groups should give up their ethnic identity and become like the rest of American society
assimilation

143. 48A
The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution compose this group of amendments
Civil War Amendments
What does each amendment do?

144. 48B
Nineteenth-century term for infrastructure, such as roads, bridges, and canals
internal improvements
Give two North Carolina examples.
Buncombe Turnpike; Dismal Swamp Canal

145. 48C
Costly Revolutionary War British victory over Nathaniel Greene’s forces near modern-day Greensboro
Battle of Guilford Courthouse
What term refers to a victory so costly it feels like a defeat?
Pyrrhic victory

146. 49A
Main route by which Scots-Irish settlers came to the North Carolina Piedmont
Great Wagon Road

147. 49B The first constitution of the United States – ratified in 1781
Articles of Confederation
Why were they scrapped?

148. 49C
19th century North Carolinian who pushed to reform the Rip Van Winkle State
Archibald DeBow Murphey
What was the name of his education reform plan?
Literary Fund

149. 50A
Case in the NC Supreme Court that gave slaveowners and their agents broad powers over disciplining their slaves, maybe even allowing them to kill a slave
State of North Carolina v. Mann

150. 50B
Before the war – as in the era before the Civil War
Antebellum

151. 50C
NC case in the US Supreme Court that gave courts broad powers, including “busing”, to end segregation in public schools
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education