1. FEDERALISM O PEDERALISMO
UG ANG KILUSANG PAGBABAGO

2. Historical Roots of Federalism
The Philippines is an archipelago stretching 1,839 kms. north-to-south off the southeast coast of Asia.
Early Filipinos lived in numerous independent communities called barangays under various native rules which were largely customary and unwritten.
Even before the arrival of Spaniards in the Philippines, autonomy among local units and communities are already in existence.
But there was also interdependence and confederation. A kind of Federalism.
Historical Roots of Federalism

3. Historical Roots of Federalism
It was a colonial measure to have
Unitary Control from the Center
The Spanish Colonialization - Under the Spanish regime, the civil and religious authorities of Spain created a hierarchical form of administrative structure between the central government and indigenous barangays all over the country with the exception of the communities in Sulu and Mindanao. Due to these local’s strong resistance, the Spaniards failed to integrate their communities under the Spanish colonial regime.
Historical Roots of Federalism

4. Historical Roots of Federalism
The US Colonialization When Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States, the latter essentially maintained the administrative structure established by the former with special arrangements with the Moros and non-Christian tribes. The Americans first organized a military government with the consolidation of executive, legislative, and judicial authority in the military governor. In spite of the enactment of policies purportedly supportive of local autonomy, the Americans maintained a highly centralized politico-administrative structure.
Historical Roots of Federalism

5. Historical Roots of Federalism
Filipinos has been struggling for a Federal Form of Government. Philippine national heroes Emilio Aguinaldo and Apolinario Mabini were the first to suggest dividing the islands into three federal states.[1] And these faded?
Historical Roots of Federalism

6. Historical Roots of Federalism
It did not fade… The Unitary Control from the Center rooted under Spain has been maintained through the various political periods undergone by the country. However, the degree of central government control has been changing or there was trend for decentralization. Trends in both political and administrative decentralization have been influenced by threats to national security, personalities of the presidents, national integration, national development, and the perception of the central government on the competence of local government.
Historical Roots of Federalism

7. Historical Roots of Federalism
Decentralization suffered a setback with the concentration of decision making powers during the Marcos regime.
Centralization or unitary control from the Center is always the way of Colonizers and Dictators…
Historical Roots of Federalism

8. Historical Roots of Federalism
But the Philippines is an archipelago
… composed of 7, 107 islands
… divided into three major island groups namely Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao with the total population 92,337,852 as of May, 2010.
…. The diverse and numerous ethnic and tribal groups in the country can be attributed to its geographical features. The people on each big island or group of islands speak their own dialect, follows a culture that is distinct only among them.
Historical Roots of Federalism

9. Historical Roots of Federalism
The overthrow of Marcos in 1986 and the EDSA Uprising led to the adoption of the 1987 Constitution which declares as state policy: SECTION 25. The State shall ensure the autonomy of local governments, which also led to the Local Government Code of 1991, strengthening local autonomy.
But autonomy is not Federalism.
Historical Roots of Federalism

10. Historical Roots of Federalism
One of the first proponents of federalism in the Philippines is University of the Philippines professor Jose Abueva who argued that a federal form of government is necessary to more efficiently cater to the needs of the country with its diversity.[2]
Aside from Abueva, senator Aquilino Pimentel, Jr. is a prominent supporter of federalism who, since 2001, has advocated for federalism.
Former Gov. Lito Osmeña of Cebu also ran for national office under the platform of Federalism.
Historical Roots of Federalism

11. Historical Roots of Federalism
Former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo also issued Executive Order No. 669, s
Signed on October 15, 2007
It sought to galvanize support from local leaders for the government and medium term Philippine Development Plan Goal of Federalism.
But this was cut short as opposition to it arose out of the fear that GMA was using it to extend her term.
Historical Roots of Federalism

12. Historical Roots of Federalism
Beginning in late 2014, Davao City Mayor Digong Duterte launched a nationwide campaign promoting a charter change for federalism.
During his visit to Cebu City in October 2014, Mayor Digong stated that Federalism will facilitate better delivery of services to the People. He also saw the current system as “antiquated” where distribution of public funds is disporportionately biased towards Manila.
Aside from the Economic Aspect, Mayor Digong said Federalism is also the best means to address problems in Mindanao suffering the most from ethno-religious conflicts. He added that the current unitary form of government has not worked well given the ethnic diversity in the country.
Historical Roots of Federalism

13. Four Basic Principles of Federalism
Power Sharing
Resources Sharing
Respect for All
Development for All
Four Basic Principles of Federalism

14. Differences between Federalism and Unitary
Unitary
Federal
Government Powers
Highly centralized and concentrated
Dispersed, Shared Responsibilities
Division of Funds
More funds in Center/national
More funds in States or Regions
Development of Cultures
Dominant Culture prevails
Local Cultures can grown in their areas
Economic Growth
Central Areas grow big, others neglected
Opportunities for growth for Regions
Differences between Federalism and Unitary

15. Enacting Federalism People’s Initiative Constitutional Convention
Constituent Assembly
Constitutional Commission
Enacting Federalism

16. Corollary to Federalism
Parliamentary or Presidential Unicameral or Bicameral
Corollary to Federalism

17. DIFFERENCES Parliamentary Presidential Term of Office
Fix 4 years but can be replaced anytime
Fixed 6 years without re-election
Electoral System
Voting the Party not the Person
Voting the Popular Candidate
Civil Service
Very strong and stable
Changes Heads & Plans every new President
Party System
Mature and Active
No clear parties, balimbing is norm
DIFFERENCES

18. MODELS Countries Federal Unicameral Presidential USA YES NO/Bicameral
GBR
NO/Parliamentary
FRANCE NO
RUSSIA
MODELS

19. 2016 – Let’s elect Duterte President 2016 – Let’s call for Concon, ConAss or Concom 2017 – Let’s hold Nationwide Consultation (simultaneous with Peace Talks – NDF and Bangsamoro) Drafting the Federal Constitution 2019 – Let’s approve it in a Plebiscite Preparation by the various States election of 1st set of Federal/State Officials
TIMETABLE

20. To see to it that these schedules are met …. Introducing …

21. PARTICIPATORY GOVERNANCE
KILUSANG PAGBABAGO
By:
Peter Tiu Lavina, Deputy Cabinet Secretary, the only Filipino and Asian to attend and speak at the International Conference on Participatory Democracy in 2003 (Lille, France) and 2004 (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Advocate and Pioneer in promoting C2G G2C Communications using social media for Participatory Governance (2006). Elected City Councilor of Davao (2001, 2004, 2007). Head of Media Group and Duterte Campaign Spokesman, Head, Office of Participatory Governance

22. Power of the People
1660
Andres Malong revolt in Pangasinan against the oppression and injustices of the Spanish colonizers

23. Power of the People
1976
“Unthinkables and Out-of-the-box Events” Venezuela nationalizes oil industry; Cambodia uses nationalist name Kampuchea; UN seats PLO as member of the Security Council; International Bill of Rights takes effect; Formation of Arabic Monetary Fund; Union of ABA and NBA; Union of South and North Vietnam; Disbandment of cold-war era SEATO; American Episcopal church Oks ordination of women as priests and bishops; South Africa allows multi-racial team in sports; Fall of the Gang of Four in China; Spain dumps dictatorship, establishes democracy; Longest passenger flight Sydney to San Francisco 13H14M;

24. 16,601,976 Votes People with Power
are more than just giving President Duterte a landslide win and mandate; it was a clear signal to effect genuine change in our country

25. DEMOCRACY Buzz words
Government of the people, by the people, for the people
Direct democracy, representative democracy
Citizen participation, Volunteerism
People empowerment
Participatory planning and budgeting
Community engagement
Dialogue and Watchdog
Buy In, Ownership, Inclusive Growth

26. #TunayNaPagbabago Nakaraan - “Kayo ang Boss Ko!” Sloganeering
Paying mere lip service
Not institutionalized
Ngayon - #PartnersForChange Kilusang Pagbabago
The Duterte Government is all ours, ours to work with, ours to benefit from
Actively promote, practice and engaged in participatory governance
Institutionalize citizen participation

27. ELEMENTS
This government is all ours (Ownership as sovereign and as stakeholders)
This government is ours to work with (Buy in, inclusion, partnership, engagement)
This government is ours to benefit from (Common good, each shares from our own collective endeavors)
National Well-being [in the proposed new Development & Security Framework]

28. #PresidentDuterteThrustS
Bring back power to the people away from stranglehold of certain sections of the elites (level the playing field) and address poverty by increasing opportunities and raising the people’s living standards through economic development
Regain our streets from, and suppress, crime and corruption
Regain the trust and confidence of the people in government and in public institutions and intensify social development services, particularly to the needy
Reform society through nationalist cultural renewal (love of country), building peace (end internal conflict) and moral recovery (values formation)
Re-engineer the government through shift to Federal-Parliamentary form of government

29. New Tools for connectivity
C2G G2C (citizen-to-government / government-to-citizen communications)
Social media (Facebook, Twitter, Blogs, etc.)
Citizen Volunteer Groups
Call Hotline 8888 (Complaints and Suggestion)
PPCP – inclusion of Community, Consumers, Cooperatives, Citizens (LGUs, local stakeholders, those to be affected by projects)

30. Moving Forward President Duterte & the people as #PartnersForChange
#100Days are over, 5 years 9 months more ahead
Requisites for Change > Political maturity > Political & Electoral reforms > Strong civil service
Kilusang Pagbabago - Grassroots movement as expression of democratization and forging the power of the people to effect their own change
Organizing from the National level to the barangays to channel relevant government programs

31. Kp Main thrust: Engage the Citizenry main tasks:
As partners to help run the affairs of government (representation in participatory planning and budgeting and membership in national and local bodies);
As watchdog for our weaknesses, inaction, or abuse of power (corruption and injustices) = A People’s Audit
As mass educators to help spread the thrusts, plans, programs, activities of the Duterte Government (especially in social and alternative media);
As quick response system to work hand-in-hand with government in times of natural calamities and disasters.
Defender of the Republic against internal and external threats.

32. Get Real KILUSANG PAGBABAGO is not a POLITICAL PARTY
is not an enemy or an opponent or an adversary to LGU’s, but are PARTNERS
is MASS ORGANIZATION in a MASS MOVEMENT for real CHANGE
Get Real

33. Head, Office of Participatory Governance
DAGHANG SALAMAT!
Peter Tiu Lavina
Head, Office of Participatory Governance
Room 364-A & 365, Mabini Hall, Malacanang
facebook.com/ Peter Tiu Lavina