1. The Cardiovascular System: The Heart Anatomy
Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System

2. Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of your fist.
Location; Mediastinum
Beats more than 100,000 times per day to pump more than 8,000 liters of blood
A “double pump”

3. Coverings of the Heart: Anatomy
Pericardium – a double-walled sac around the heart composed of:
A superficial fibrous pericardium
A deep two-layer serous pericardium
The parietal layer lines the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium
The visceral layer or epicardium lines the surface of the heart
They are separated by the fluid-filled pericardial cavity

4. Coverings of the Heart: Physiology
The Function of the Pericardium:
Protects and anchors the heart
Prevents overfilling of the heart with blood
Allows for the heart to work in a relatively friction-free environment
Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System

5. Pericardial Layers of the Heart

6. Heart Wall Epicardium – visceral layer of the serous pericardium
Myocardium – cardiac muscle layer forming the bulk of the heart
Endocardium – endothelial layer of the inner myocardial surface

7. Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System
Structure of the heart
A double pump
2 circuits; systemic and pulmonary
Systemic- exchange of material between blood and cells of the body
Pulmonary- exchange of material between blood and the lungs
4 chambers
Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System

8. Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System
4 chambers
Right Atrium- receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava as well as the coronary sinus
Right Ventricle- pumps deoxygenated blood via the pulmonary trunk to the lungs
Left Atrium- receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the R/L pulmonary veins
Left Ventricle- pumps oxygenated blood to the Aorta, thick walled chamber
Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System

9. External Heart: Major Vessels of the Heart
Vessels returning blood to the heart include:
Superior and inferior venae cava
Right and left pulmonary veins
Vessels conveying blood away from the heart include:
Pulmonary trunk, which splits into right and left pulmonary arteries
Ascending aorta (three branches) –
Brachiocephalic
Left common carotid
Subclavian arteries
Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System

10. Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System
Valves
Keeps the blood flowing in one direction
2 types; atrioventricular and semilunar
Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System

11. Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System
Atrioventricular (between an atrium and ventricle)
The tricuspid valve is found between the right atrium and right ventricle and the bicuspid valve (mitral) is found between the left atrium and left ventricle.
Each cusp of the valve is attached to collagenous strings called chordae tendineae which attaches to muscles in the chamber called papillary muscles.
Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System

12. Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System
Semilunar (between a chamber and a vessel)
the pulmonary valve is between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
The aortic valve is between the left ventricle and aorta.
Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System

13. External Heart: Anterior View
Figure 18.4b
Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System

14. External Heart: Posterior View
Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System
Figure 18.4d

15. Gross Anatomy of Heart: Frontal Section
Figure 18.4e
Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System

16. Myocardial Thickness and Function
Thickness of myocardium varies according to the function of the chamber
Atria are thin walled, deliver blood to adjacent ventricles
Ventricle walls are much thicker and stronger
right ventricle supplies blood to the lungs (little flow resistance)
left ventricle wall is the thickest to supply systemic circulation
Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System

17. Pathway of Blood Through the Heart and Lungs
Right atrium  tricuspid valve  right ventricle
Right ventricle  pulmonary semilunar valve  pulmonary arteries  lungs
Lungs  pulmonary veins  left atrium
Left atrium  bicuspid valve  left ventricle
Left ventricle  aortic semilunar valve  aorta
Aorta  systemic circulation
Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System

18. Pathway of Blood Through the Heart and Lungs
Figure 18.5
Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System

19. Coronary Circulation: Arterial Supply
Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System
Figure 18.7a

20. Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System
Coronary circulation
Coronary circulation is the functional blood supply to the heart muscle itself
Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System

21. Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System
right coronary artery
Travels in the right coronary sulcus and branches into the marginal artery and posterior interventricular artery.
Marginal artery- serves the lateral part of the right atrium and right ventricle
Posterior interventricular artery- serves the posterior heart
Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System

22. Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System
Left coronary artery
Branches shortly after it is formed into the anterior interventricular artery and the circumflex artery.
anterior interventricular artery- travels along the interventricular septum and supplies blood to the anterior heart
Circumflex artery- travels in the left coronary sulcus and supplies blood to the left atrium, and posterior left ventricle.
Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System

23. Coronary Circulation: Venous Supply
Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System
Figure 18.7b

24. Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System
Venous system
Small cardiac vein- drains the inferolateral heart
Middle cardiac vein- drains the posterior heart
Great cardiac vein- drains most of the left side of the heart
All three drain into the large coronary sinus located on the posterior right atrium. The coronary sinus drains into the right atrium.
Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System

25. Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System
Artificial Heart
Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System