1. Aerodynamics
The study of the motion of air, particularly when it interacts with a moving object.

2. Forces
Forces can be a push or a pull or a twist. A force can cause things to move. A force is needed to start something moving, to speed it up, slow it down, bring it to a halt or change it’s direction.

3. Forces that act on a falling object
Initially the ball is in a state of rest. No force is exerted on it; no drag, no weight, no speed.
As you drop the ball, it picks up speed, it accelerates, speed increases, drag increases
Drag eventually becomes equal to weight. The ball stops accelerating. It travels at a constant speed. This is called terminal velocity.
This relates to Newton’s 1st Law

4. Newton’s Laws
1st Law
All objects will remain at rest unless a force is exerted on them. If an object is moving, it will continue to move, unless an external force is acted on it. INERTIA
Example: If a plane is at an airport, stationary, it will not move unless the force of the engines make it move.
Example: If you are the car and mum slams on the break, your body keeps moving forward.
Example: If you are in a plane taking off, your body is forced back into the seat as it is resisting staying stationery

5. Newton’s Law’s
2nd Law
This law states that a force equal to an object’s mass and its acceleration. (F=ma)
Example: the thrust of a plane is equal to its mass and acceleration.
It is easier to push a little person on a bike, than a big person – the heavier the object, the more force is required to make them move.

6. Newton’s laws
3rd Law
This law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Example: a jet engine takes in air then forces it out the rear of the engine at a higher velocity, thus pushing the plane forward. The force of the air being pushed out the back results in thrust.
Look at Newtons cradle to see this law in action.

7. Forces Acting on an Aircraft
Thrust – Is the force that pushes an aircraft forward. It is produced by the engines.
Drag – is the forces that acts to slow the aircraft down. The main drag is air resistance.
Lift – is a force created by the wings moving through the air and keeps the aircraft flying. Lift makes the plane rise into the air.
Weight/Gravity – is the force caused by the mass of the aircraft and its load. The weight force pulls the aircraft back to the ground.

9. Lift
The weight of a flying aircraft is pulling it downwards. By itself, this force would cause the aircraft to hit the ground. So what stops it?
The wing of an aircraft is designed to provide a force called LIFT as it moves through the air. It does this in two ways.

10. First Way
The wing is tilted upwards so that the air striking it will tend to push it up.

11. Second Way
The wing is shaped so that air flows faster over the top of the wing than it does over the bottom.
Faster flowing air is at a lower pressure than slower flowing air. This difference in pressure means that the wing is pushed upwards by the high air pressure. The lifting force will lift the wing if it is greater than the pressure pushing the wing down.

12. Thrust
The engines on an aeroplane create the thrust. Engines can be propeller driven or a jet.
The jet engine drives the aeroplane forwards by pushing hot exhaust air backwards
Propellers are shaped so that they push the air backwards

13. Jet Engines
Air is sucked in the front of the jet engine, fuel is ignited in the combustion chamber and the hot exhaust gases are blasted out of the rear of the engine.
The force of the gases (action) pushes the aircraft forwards (reaction)
(which of Newtons forces applies here?)

14. Propellers
The forces of the air moving backwards (action) pushes the aircraft forwards (reaction)
The faster the propellers turn, the greater the force of air being pushed backwards, and the greater the force pushing the aircraft forwards.