1. WP3 Enhancement of multidisciplinary in situ observing systems
INTAROS Kick-off Meeting January 11-12, 2017 Bergen
WP3 Enhancement of multidisciplinary in situ observing systems
to improve critical gaps in the existing observing systems by integration of new and mature technologies for multidisciplinary Arctic observations
Agnieszka Beszczynska-Möller, IOPAN (lead)
Peter Voss, GEUS (co-lead)

2. WP3 main objectives:
➽ To improve critical gaps in the Arctic observation system
➽ To build additional capacity of pan-Arctic monitoring networks
➽ make best use of existing reference sites and distributed observatories providing the critical data for Arctic climate and ecosystems, but still missing multidisciplinary dimension or technical advancement
➽ extend temporal and geographic coverage of available infrastructures and add new key geophysical and biogeochemical variables through implementing novel technologies integrated with standard observations
How to achieve them...

3. WP3 specific objectives:
Develop and integrate autonomous and robust in situ systems for year round measurements of key variables
Deploy mature and new sensors and in situ platforms in selected reference sites and distributed observatories
Extend existing ocean and land infrastructures with multidisciplinary measurements by adding new biogeochemical sensors
Deliver geophysical, biogeochemical and biological data products for data integration (WP5), demonstration studies (WP6) and stakeholders consultations (WP7)

4. WP3 In situ observing systems
Task 3.0 Scientific and operational coordination
Task 3.1 Coastal Greenland
Task 3.2 North of Svalbard towards the deep Nansen Basin
Task 3.3 Fram Strait
Task 3.4 Distributed systems for ocean and sea ice
Task 3.5 Distributed systems for atmosphere and land
Task 0

5. Phase 1: Development of new technologies and integration of multidisciplinary sensors for autonomous in situ monitoring systems in the Arctic (M1-18).
Phase 2: Implementation of integrated multidisciplinary sensors and platforms for year-round measurements in the selected reference sites and distributed observatories (M19-48)
Phase 3: Preparation and delivery of preprocessed new data to WP5 and WP6 (M19- 54, overlap with Phase 2 due to the NRT data delivery from some sensors)

6. INTAROS WP3 In situ observing systems
Task 3.1 Coastal Greenland:
ocean moorings with freshwater focus in NE Greenland (AU)
properties of snow cover on sea ice in NE Greenland (GEUS/AU)
surface pCO2 and ocean acidification in the Greenland coastal zone (AU)
on-ice weather station network for snow-water equivalent (GEUS)
precise positioning system for ice sheet dynamics (GEUS)
novel ground penetrating radar system for ice sheet (UPM)
multidisciplinary acoustic observatory in the Young Sound with passive acoustic (CNRS-IUEM)
a suite of sensors for automated monitoring of bio-optical and biogeochemical properties of the coastal ocean at Baffin Bay observatory (CNRS-Takuvik)
Task 0

7. Task 3.1 Coastal Greenland:
ocean moorings with freshwater focus in NE Greenland (AU)
oceanographic mooring will be placed in the inner fjord near the Ice Sheet
key physical parameters such as temperature, salinity, turbidity, fluorescence and PAR coupled to detailed biological measurements from existing monitoring program, under INTAROS extended with instruments (SBE CTD sensors, releasers, camera system for snow and ice coverage) and mooring hardware/material
surface pCO2 and ocean acidification in the Greenland coastal zone (AU)
under INTAROS instruments for pCO2 and pH provided
multidisciplinary acoustic observatory in Young Sound with passive acoustic (CNRS-IUEM)
one-week long campaign will be carried out every summer two hydrophones recorders: one dedicated to a “high frequency” band (from 10 Hz to 50 kHz ) and the second dedicated to ultra-low frequencies (from 0.01 Hz) deployed/recovered in order to provide a continuous acoustic monitoring
Young Sound fjord (74°18'N, 10°15'W), NE Greenland, ice-covered for about 280 days per year

8. INTAROS WP3 In situ observing systems
Task 3.2 North of Svalbard towards the deep Nansen Basin:
array of multidisciplinary moorings with profiling instruments and point measurements of ocean physical variables (IOPAN, CNRS-LOCEAN, IMR)
a suite of biogeochemical measurements and sampling (UiB-GFI)
novel pCO2 and pH sensors for carbon system variables (UiB-GFI)
autonomous passive contaminant samplers (NIVA)
sediment traps, underwater vision profiler, FRRF fluorimeter (AWI)
combined ADCP-echosounders for currents and zooplankton (IMR)
upward-looking sonars for sea ice (UiB-GFI)
bottom pressure recorders (UNIS)
passive acoustics recorders for ocean soundscape in the Arctic (NERSC)
ocean bottom seismometers for solid Earth processes and geohazards (GEUS/UiB-GEO)
Task 0

9. Task 3.2 North of Svalbard towards the deep Nansen Basin
Building on the A-TWAIN moored array deployed since 2012 under the project ‘Long-term variability and trends in the Atlantic Water inflow region’ Main partners IMR and NPI, collaborating partners WHOI, IOPAN
Map and array scheme from
: 9 moorings (8 recovered)
: 5 moorings (4 recovered)
: 3 moorings deployed

10. Task 3.2 North of Svalbard towards the deep Nansen Basin

11. Task 3.2 North of Svalbard towards the deep Nansen Basin
Bottom pressures sensors
ADCPs/echo sounders
ASL Ice Profiler
SAMI pCO2
SAMI pH
SUNA V2 UV nitrate sensor
Underwater Vision Profiler
Sediment trap
FRR Fluorymeter

12. Ocean bottom seismometers will be deployed with ROV north of Svalbard
Task 3.2 North of Svalbard towards the deep Nansen Basin
Ocean bottom seismometers will be deployed with ROV north of Svalbard
(GEUS/UiB-GEO)

13. INTAROS WP3 In situ observing systems
Task 3.3 Fram Strait:
extending the LTER observatory Hausgarten with experimental autonomous system for impacts of ocean acidification on benthic biology arcFOCE - Arctic Free Ocean Carbon Enrichment (AWI)
real-time measurements of pCO2 and pH, monitoring of carbon cycle parameters in Kongsfjorden (CNRS-LOV)
directional acoustic system to monitor benthic species and dynamics of sea ice and icebergs in Kongsfjorden (CNRS-UIEM)
Task 0

14. INTAROS WP3 In situ observing systems
Task 3.3 Fram Strait – arc FOCE - Arctic Free Ocean Carbon Enrichment
extending the LTER observatory Hausgarten with experimental autonomous system for impacts of ocean acidification on benthic biology
envisaged system building on a FOCE system for studies of deep-sea benthic communities (dpFOCE) developed by Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
adapt the existing deep-water system at MBARI to greater water depths, extremely low temperatures, and autonomous operation (no cable connection to land!)
installation and maintenance of the arcFOCE system done during regular cruises to the LTER observatory HAUSGARTEN
Photo and scheme from the FOCE experiment in the MBARI

15. INTAROS WP3 In situ observing systems
Task 3.3 Fram Strait: time-series for the carbonate chemistry of Arctic coastal waters in Kongsfjord in the AWIPEV Underwater Observatory (CNRS-LOV)
Two components: continuous real-time measurements of pCO2 and weekly discrete measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity
Plan to extend the ocean acidification time-series with daily, automated measurements of total alkalinity - under INTAROS a pH sensor for continuous measurements
Expertise of CNRS-LOV on ocean acidification and FOCE systems could be useful to the arcFOCE experiment planned at Hausgarten
Task 0

16. INTAROS WP3 In situ observing systems
Task 3.3 Fram Strait: directional acoustic system to monitor benthic species and dynamics of sea ice and icebergs in Kongsfjorden (CNRS-UIEM)
An acoustic station in the Richard Laguna (79°00'N, 11°40'E) in Kongsfjorden, west Svalbard
Kongsfjorden site will take benefit of the infrastructure and logistics of the German-French AWIPEV station at Ny-Alesund
Directional acoustic systems with hydrophones will be deployed during summer campaigns on an annual basis
Two accelerometers will be set on bivalves to monitor the activity of this key benthic species
Two hydrophone recorders similar to Young Sound:
a “high frequency” band (from 10 Hz to 50 kHz ) an ultra-low frequencies (from 0.01 Hz)
will be recovered/redeployed performed during two one week summer campaigns
Task 0

17. INTAROS WP3 In situ observing systems
Task 3.4 Distributed systems for ocean and sea ice:
ice-tethered platforms for measurements of ocean physical variables with meteorological and biogeochemical sensors for multidisciplinary ITP measurements (IOPAN)
sea-ice mass balance buoys clustered with ITPs and standalone (FMI)
measurements of snow properties and ABL observations from SOOs (FMI)
quadrocopter measurements of broadband and surface albedo (FMI)
novel sensors for FerryBoxes (ocean acidification and carbonate chemistry, inherent optical properties, microplastic sampler) (NIVA)
endurance glider lines in the open water Arctic regions (CNRS-LOCEAN)
BioArgo floats in Baffin Bay (CNRS-Takuvik)
Task 0

18. INTAROS WP3 In situ observing systems
Task 3.4 Distributed systems for ocean and sea ice:
ice-tethered platforms for measurements of ocean physical variables and with biogeochemical sensors for multidisciplinary measurements (IOPAN)
Ice-Tethered Profiler schematic and map of active ITPs from the WHOI ITP website:

19. INTAROS WP3 In situ observing systems
Task 3.4 Distributed systems for ocean and sea ice:
ice-tethered platforms for measurements of ocean physical variables and with biogeochemical sensors for multidisciplinary measurements (IOPAN)
From
Laney et al., 2014
and
Laney et al., 2015
Customized ‘triplet’ fluorometer (ECO FLbb-CD, WETLabs Inc.) to measure chlorophyll fluorescence, dissolved organic matter fluorescence, and optical scatter
Radiometer (light levels)
Copper shutter: for biofouling
‘Smart’ microcontroller to simplify integration of sensors & commercial McLane ITP

20. Task 3.4 Distributed systems for ocean and sea ice:
novel sensors for FerryBoxes (ocean acidification and carbonate chemistry, inherent optical properties, microplastic sampler) (NIVA)
Existing MS Norbjørn Ferrybox system:
Wind sensor at deck (True wind speed and direction, Gill instruments)
Air temperature (Optional). Weather stations?
Above water radiance/irradiance (TriOS Ramses Ed, Ld, Lu)
Temperature and salinity (Seabird SBE45)
Oxygen sensor (AADI Optode)
Chlorophyll-a fluorescence (TriOS)
Turbidity (Polymetron or AML)
Organic material (CDOM-fluorescence, TriOS)
Oil-fluorescence (Optional, TriOS)
pCO2 sensor (Franatech/NIVA)
pH sensor (NIVA-WAG system)
CO3 (New sensors)
Refrigerated water sampler (ISCO, 14*1 litre)
Fixed point sampling or on events
Advanced analysis and calibration
Continuous Plankton Recorder (SAHFOS)
30-35 round trips/year

21. INTAROS WP3 In situ observing systems
Task 3.5 Distributed systems for atmosphere and land:
extending continuous monitoring of atmospheric GHGs with additional trace gases and isotopes measurements (automated flask sampling system) at atmospheric stations in East Siberia (MPG)
vertical profiles of ABL state variables from airborne measurements along the Alaskan and Canadian Arctic (GFZ)
a sequence of measures within a transect of observations sites in the Barrow site cluster, including de-icing system for atmospheric instruments, novel temperature sensing system, new soil diffusivity system for trace gases (OU, USFD)
novel in situ and remote sensing of snow physical properties (novel technology to monitor snow thermal conductivity at several heights, extension of measurements along a latitudinal transect in the Eastern Canadian Arctic, drone-based pulsed LIDAR observations) (CNRS-Takuvik)
new systems for improved ground-truthing of satellite remote sensing products in the Northern Finland (automatic spectro-albedometer, VNA-based radar system to monitor soil, snow and surface vegetation properties) (FMI)
semi-autonomous system for atmospheric observations (basic meteorology, surface flux, cloud observations) in the central Arctic for icebreaker Oden and SOOs (MISU)
Task 0

22. INTAROS WP3 In situ observing systems
Next steps in WP3:
Review of all planned activities (WP3 breakout session tomorrow)
Review of required ship time (secured, applied for, still needed)
Online meetings of the task teams to discuss details of preparations for the next field season (pilot phase) and future plans (for the 1st INTAROS field season )
Prepare tenders and acquire INTAROS equipment
Development of new technologies, integration of multidisciplinary sensors for autonomous in situ monitoring systems (M1-M18)
Design of observing systems/components for each reference site and distributed observatory, testing phase (M1-M18)
Task 0

23. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION