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Classification of Organisms
…and why it is important for scientists to put organisms into specific groups…
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The Kingdoms
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Kingdoms and Examples Protists Plant Fungi Moneran Animal Algae
Vascular Mushrooms Bacteria Reptiles Parameciem Trees and Flowers Molds Blue green algae Fish Diatoms Non-vascular Yeasts Birds Amoebas Lichens Amphibians Ferns and Mosses Rusts Mammals
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The Protists Kingdom Characteristics of protists A. Most are one-celled, but some have many cells B. Cells have a membrane around the nucleus C. Some get nutrients and energy by eating other organisms D. Some get energy from the sun, and nutrients from the water around them E. Most reproduce by splitting in two F. Examples are paramecium, amoeba, and kelp There are three categories: Animal-like protists Amoeba, paramecium, giardia, plasmodium Fungus-like protists Water molds, downey mildews, slime molds Plant-like protists Euglenoids, dinoflagellates, diatoms
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Animal-like protists Amoeba Paramecium Giardia Protists that are classified as animal-like are called protozoans and share some common traits with animals. All animal-like protists are heterotrophs. Likewise, all animal-like protists are able to move in their environment in order to find their food. Unlike, animals, however, animal-like protists are all unicellular.
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Fungus-like protists Water Molds Downy Mildews Slime Molds
Live in moist soil and on decaying plants and trees Very colorful Move by forming pseudopods Feed on bacteria and other microorganisms Live in water or moist environments Look like tiny threads with a fuzzy covering Attack food such as potatoes, cabbage, and corn and can destroy whole crops
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Plant-like protists Euglenoid Dinoflagellate Diatom
Autotrophs when sunny Heterotrophs when dark Unicellular Found mostly in fresh water Some have flagellum Unicellular Covered by stiff plates Have two flagella May glow in the dark Found in ocean Unicellular Glasslike cell walls Used in toothpastes, scouring products, and as filters
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More plant-like protists
Green Algae Red Algae Brown Algae Are green in color Mostly unicellular, but some form colonies, and a few are multicellular Live in fresh water, salt water, and a few live on land Multicellular Commonly called sea weed Live in deep salt water Are used by humans to help make ice cream and hair conditioner Are eaten in some Asian cultures Multicellular Commonly called sea weed Have large leaf-like structures called blades Live in salt water Are used by humans to help make pudding and salad dressing
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The Fungi Kingdom Characteristics of fungi A. Most are many-celled and some are one-celled organisms B. Cells have a membrane around the nucleus C. Get nutrients and energy by absorbing/ digesting the surface they live on D. Most reproduce by spores E. Examples are yeast, mushrooms, bread molds, and lichens
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Mushrooms
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Yeasts
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Lichen "black-foam lichen" on bark in the Great Smoky Mountains.
Anzia colpodes ("black-foam lichen") on bark in the Great Smoky Mountains. Anzia colpodes ("black-foam lichen") on bark in the Great Smoky Mountains. Lichen "black-foam lichen" on bark in the Great Smoky Mountains.
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Molds
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Rusts (fungi on grasses)
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Moneran Kingdom Characteristics of monerans A. One-celled organisms B. Cells have no membrane around the nucleus C. Reproduce by splitting in two D. Absorb nutrients from outside their bodies E. Some monerans cause diseases, but others are helpful to people F. Examples: bacteria
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Bacteria E coli bacteria Lime disease bacteria Anthrax bacteria
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Blue-green algae
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Plant Kingdom Characteristics of plants A. Many-celled organisms B. Cells have a membrane around the nucleus, contain chlorophyll, and have cell walls C. Get energy from the sun and take in nutrients from their surroundings D. Most reproduce from seeds; some reproduce from other special parts E. Examples are ferns, trees, grasses, and bushes F. Vascular and Non-vascular
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Non-vascular plants Liverworts Mosses Hornworts
Nonvascular plants have no roots, stems, or leaves Non-vascular plants is a general term for those plants (including the green algae) without a vascular system (xylem and phloem).
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Vascular plants
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The vascular plants are those plants that have lignified tissues for conducting water, minerals, and photosynthetic products through the plant. Vascular plants include the ferns, clubmosses, flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms.
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Animal Kingdom Characteristics of animals
A. Many-celled organisms B. Cells have a membrane around the nucleus C. Get nutrients and energy by eating other organisms D. Reproduce with eggs. Some eggs develop inside the mother's body, and some develop outside the mother's body. E. Examples are bears, fish, frogs, butterflies, and starfish F. Vertebrates (have a backbone) make up 2% of the world. G. Invertebrates (have NO backbone) make up 98% of the world.
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Vertebrates Animals with an internal skeleton made of bone are called vertebrates. Vertebrates include: primates, such as humans and monkeys; amphibians; reptiles; birds; and, fish. Although vertebrates represent only a very small percentage of all animals, their size and mobility often allow them to dominate their environment.
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Amphibians Reptiles Birds Fish Mammals
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Invertebrates Invertebrates don't have an internal skeleton made of bone. Many invertebrates have a fluid-filled, hydrostatic skeleton, like the jelly fish or worm. Others have a hard outer shell, like insects and crustaceans. The most common invertebrates include the protozoa, annelids, echinoderms, mollusks and arthropods.
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Protozoa Annelids Mollusks Echinoderms Crustaceans Arachnids Insects
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Why is it important for scientists to classify organisms?
Scientists group living organisms based on specific characteristics to make them easier to study. Living things are sorted into groups based on common characteristics. Each large group can be divided into smaller groups based on common characteristics.
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