1. Cardiovascular system- Major Arteries of the body
Anatomy and Physiology lab II
Medgar Evers College
Dr. Santos

2. 17.1 Major arteries of the body
Arteries- carry blood away from the heart, oxygenated. Arteries branch as they pass through structures to form progressively smaller vessels until they branch into capillary beds.
Capillary bed- where the exchange of material takes place
Veins- the deoxygenated blood is drained from capillaries into veins that return blood back to heart

3. Three main circuits
1- systemic
2- pulmonary
3- coronary

4. systemic Main artery is the Aorta
Originates from left ventricle as the ascending aorta which curves to form the aortic arch.
The arch has three branches;
brachiocephalic
left common carotid
left subclavian artery

6. Three branches of the arch
Brachiocephalic-splits into
the right subclavian-upper limb ---- axillary artery----brachial artery radial and ulnar artery
The right common carotid travels to the neck and splits into the internal carotid (brain) and external carotid artery (face and scalp)

7. Left common carotid
Splits into an internal and external carotid artery and supplies blood to neck area.

8. Left subclavian artery
Supplies blood to the left limb. The branches are the same as right subclavian artery.

11. Descending Aorta
After these three vessels branch off, the aorta turns downward and is known as the thoracic aorta.
The phrenic artery branches of thoracic aorta and supplies blood to the diaphragm.
The thoracic aorta continues down and passes through the diaphragm and is now called the abdominal aorta.
The major branches are:

13. Branches of abdominal aorta
1- Celiac trunk- splits into;
Common hepatic artery- supplies blood to the the liver, pylorus (a part of the stomach), duodenum (a part of the small intestine) and pancreas.
Splenic artery- supplies blood to the spleen but also has branches to the stomach and pancreas.
Left gastric artery- supplies blood to the lower curvature of the stomach and lower esophagus.
2- Renal artery- supplies the kidneys with blood

14. 3- Superior mesentery artery- supplies blood to the small intestine and much of the large intestine.
4- Inferior mesentery artery- supplies blood to the rest of the large intestine.

15. The abdominal aorta ends by splitting into a right and left common iliac artery.
Each of these then splits into an internal and external iliac artery.
Internal iliac- supplies blood to structures of the pelvis
External iliac- enters the thigh area where it becomes the femoral artery.

16. The femoral artery continues to the area around the posterior knee and becomes the popliteal artery.
The popliteal artery splits into
Anterior tibial artery- supplies blood to the anterior compartment of the leg and continues as dorsalis pedis artery supplying blood to the dorsal surface of the foot.
Posterior tibial artery- skin, muscle and tissues of the lower leg

17. Brain blood supply
Comes primarily from the carotid arteries and the basilar artery.
The basilar artery is located on the base of the brainstem and is derived from the fusion of 2 branches of the subclavian arteries called vertebral arteries.
The Internal carotid arteries and basilar artery contribute to the circle of Willis once they enter the brain.

18. This circle is composed of branches of these vessels and a set of anterior and posterior communicating arteries.