1. Computer Imaging Systems
Sobia Tariq Javed

2. Computer Imaging Systems
Consists of two primary components:
Hardware
-Image acquisition system, computer, and display devices
Software
– Image manipulation, analysis, and processing

3. Computer Imaging Systems Hardware
Image manipulation, analysis, and processing

4. Analog Camera Signal

5. Digitization: Transformation of video signal into digital image

6. I(r,c) = Brightness of image at the pt (r,c)
Image is accessed as a 2-D array of data, where each data point is referred to as a pixel
Notation:
I(r,c) = Brightness of image at the pt (r,c)
where
r = row, and c = column

7. Hierarchical image pyramid: Consists of levels for processing of images

8. Image receives reflections
Energy Source
Light reaches surfaces
Surfaces reflect
Sensor element receives light energy
Intensity matters
Angles matter
Material maters

9. Sensors A) Electromagnetic Spectrum (EM) B) Acoustical (sound) energy
C) Electron beams
D) Lasers

10. Electromagnetic Spectrum1 5 6 3 4 7 2

11. 1) Imaging with Gamma-Rays
Imaging with gamma-rays is done by measuring the rays as they are emitted from the object. In Nuclear medicine using Positron emission tomography (PET), a patient is injected with a radioactive isotope and as it decays gamma rays are detected and measured.

12. PET
PET studies of glucose metabolism to map human brain's response in performing different tasks. Subjects looking at a visual scene activated visual cortex (arrow), listening to a mystery story with language and music activated left and right auditory cortices (arrows), counting backwards from 100 by sevens activated frontal cortex (arrows), recalling previously learned objects activated hippocampus bilaterally (arrows), and touching thumb to fingers of right hand activated left motor cortex and supplementary motor system (arrows).

13. 2) Imaging with X-Rays
X-rays are used in medical diagnostics by using film that responds to x-ray energy which is placed between the energy source and the patient.

14. 2) Imaging with X-Rays Dental x-ray
X-ray of a chest with an implanted electronic device to assist the heart

15. Computerized Tomography

16. Computerized Tomography
One “slice” of a CT image of a patient’s abdomen, multiple 2-D image “slices” are taken at various angles and are then assembled to create a 3-D image

17. 3) Ultraviolet Imaging Applications: Law enforcement [forensics]
Microscopy
Astronomy

18. Fluorescence Microscopy
Images of cell

19. 4) Visible Light Imaging

20. 5) Infrared Imaging

21. Thermal Imaging

22. Infrared Satellite Image showing water vapor

23. Multispectral Images
NASA_SDO_multispectral_view_of_the_Sun

24. 6) Microwave Imaging

25. Microwave Imaging

26. 7) Radio Wave Imaging
Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) of a shoulder

27. B) Acoustic Imaging Application: Mineral & Oil Exploration Medicines
Sonar system in submarines

28. C) Electron Imaging Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
SEM Image of a mosquito

29. Electron Imaging SEM image of Strawberry
SEM Image of logic gate in a microchip

30. D) Laser Imaging
LASER : Light amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

31. Computer Generated Images